Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngamanye amandla ahlaziyekayo ngobunzulu. Imalunga ne amandla ombane. Kodwa asiyi kuthetha ngayo ngokwayo, kodwa malunga isikhululo samandla ombane apho iveliswa khona kwaye yenziwa khona. Isityalo esivelisa umbane ngamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvelisweni kwamandla ahlaziyekayo avela kumadama amanzi. Ukongeza, inezinye izinto ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo kunye nezibonelelo kubemi.
Kule nqaku siza kuxubusha zonke izinto eziluncedo, ezingeloncedo kunye nokusebenza kwezityalo ze-hydraulic, ngaphezu kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngayo? Qhubeka ufunda.
Yintoni isityalo se-hydroelectric
Xa siqalisa umzi-mveliso wamandla osebenza ngolwelo olwenziwa ngamanzi, into esinethemba lokuyifumana ukuvelisa amandla emanzini zigcinwe kumadama. Into yokuqala eyenziweyo kukuvelisa amandla oomatshini kwaye emva koko ukuyiguqula ibe ngamandla ombane.
Inkqubo yokuqokelela amanzi yenzelwe ukudala umahluko kwinqanaba elibangela ukuba kuqokelelwe amandla anokubakho. La manzi avunyelwe ukuba awe, ethatha ithuba lomxhuzulane, ukufumana amandla ngokwahlukana kobude. Amanzi adlula kwi-injini yomoya, evelisa intshukumo ejikelezayo eqhuba i-alternator kwaye iguqula amandla omatshini abe ngamandla ombane.
Le nkqubo ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise amandla agcinwe emanzini ukuze uwaguqule abe ngumbane ngokufanelekileyo.
Izibonelelo zesityalo se-hydroelectric
Izityalo ze-hydraulic zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezinkulu zombini kwinqanaba lamandla kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Okulandelayo, sihlalutya iingenelo zayo eziphambili:
- Ngamandla ahlaziyekayo. Amanzi, nangona engenamda, ngumthombo onokuzaliswa ngokubonga kumjikelezo we-hydrological, ovumela ukusetyenziswa kwawo njengomthombo wamandla ukuba uzinze kwixesha elide.
- Amandla acocekileyo. Amandla ombane osebenza ngamanzi awavelisi kukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse okanye ezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya xa kuveliswa umbane.
- Ukongeza ekuveliseni umbane, izityalo ezisebenza ngamanzi zinceda kwi ukhuselo lwezikhukhula, ukunkcenkceshela, unikezelo lwamanzi kunye nokukhuthaza ukhenketho kunye nokudalwa kweendawo zokuzonwabisa ezijikeleze amadama.
- Iindleko eziphantsi zokusebenza nokugcinwa kwazo. Nje ukuba iziseko zoncedo zakhiwe, iindleko zokusebenza ziphantsi noko, kwaye iiinjini zomoya zisebenza kakuhle kwaye kulula ukuzisebenza.
- Ubomi obude obuluncedo. Iziseko zophuhliso lweHydraulic zihlala zinobomi obude obuluncedo, obuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide.
- Ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Iiinjini zomoya ezisetyenziswa kwezi nkqubo zikhuselekile ukuba zingasebenza kwaye zivumela ukuqalisa nokuvalwa ngokukhawuleza.
- Kuncinci ukuqaphela okufunekayo. Izityalo zeHydraulic, xa sele zi-automation, zifuna ukubekwa esweni okuncinci kubasebenzi.
Konke oku kwenza amandla e-hydraulic abe yinketho ekhuphisanayo kakhulu kwintsimi yamandla, zombini ngenxa yokuzinza kwayo kunye neendleko eziphantsi xa zisebenza.
Ukungancedi kwezityalo zombane
Ngaphandle kwezibonelelo zazo ezininzi, izityalo zamandla okwenziwa ngolwelo olwenziwa ngamanzi zikwanazo ezinye iingxaki ezibalulekileyo ukuba zithathelwe ingqalelo:
- Bafuna indawo enkulu yomhlaba. Kufuneka zibekwe kwiindawo ezineempawu ezithile zendalo, ezifana nemilambo ephakamileyo kunye namathambeka amakhulu.
- Iindleko eziphezulu zokwakha. Ulwakhiwo lweziko lombane olwenziwa ngamanzi aphantsi komhlaba lubandakanya utyalo-mali olukhulu lokuqala kwiziseko ezingundoqo.
- El ixesha lokwakha Lide xa lithelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zezityalo zamandla.
- Ukuxhomekeka kwemvula. Isixa sombane oveliswayo sixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kwindlela yokuna kwemvula, nto leyo enokubangela ukuguquguquka kwemveliso.
- Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Ukwakhiwa kwamadama kunokuguqula inkqubo yendalo yomlambo kwaye kuchaphazele izilwanyana kunye nezityalo zale ndawo.
Ke ngoko, xa uyila iplanti yamandla olwenziwa ngamanzi, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo kakuhle ukuze unciphise ezi ngxaki. Iindawo ezinemvula eninzi zivumela ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kobutyebi bamanzi, kuqinisekisa imveliso ezinzileyo unyaka wonke.
Iindidi zamanzi ombane
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo zehydraulic ezihlelwa ngokwendlela yokusebenza kunye nomthamo wazo wokugcina amanzi.
Isikhululo samanzi esiqhutywa ngamanzi omlambo
Olu hlobo lwesityalo alugcini ubuninzi bamanzi, kodwa kunoko Thatha ithuba lokuhamba komlambo ngexesha lokwenyani. Ukuveliswa kwamandla kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokuhamba komlambo, okuthintela ukuchithwa kwamanzi.
Isityalo se-Hydroelectric esine-reservoir yokugcina
Ezi zityalo zivumela amanzi ukuba agcinwe kwindawo yokugcina amanzi, nto leyo eqinisekisa ukuveliswa kwamandla okuqhubekayo unyaka wonke. Lo mthamo wogcino unika inzuzo enkulu kwiinkqubo zokubaleka komlambo, ngakumbi ngamaxesha embalela.
Isikhululo sokumpompa amanzi
Olu hlobo lwesityalo lusebenzisa amadama amabini akumphakamo ohlukeneyo. Ngamaxesha esidingo esikhulu, amanzi awela kwidama elingaphezulu, ehambisa ii turbines. Xa imfuno isezantsi, amanzi ampontshelwa abuyele kwidama eliphezulu kusetyenziswa amandla agqithisileyo, ngaloo ndlela evumela amanzi ukuba aphinde asetyenziswe kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla alungelelaniswe neemfuno zothungelwano.
Ukusebenza kweplanti yombane wamanzi
Inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla kwiplanti yombane oqhutywa ngamanzi iqala ngamanzi agcinwe kumadama. Oku amandla anokubakho Iguqulwa ibe ngamandla e-kinetic xa amanzi esihla ngemibhobho eqondisa ukuhamba kwiiinjini zomoya.
Xa amanzi edlula kwiiinjini zomoya, amandla ekinetic emanzini aguqulwa abe ngamandla omatshini, kwaye nge-alternator aguqulwa abe ngamandla ombane. Ekugqibeleni, amanzi asele edlulile kwii-injini zomoya abuyiselwa emlanjeni ukuze aqhubeke nendlela yawo eqhelekileyo.
Le nkqubo, ngaphezu kokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, yenye yezona ndlela zizinzile kwaye ziqikelelwe ukuvelisa umbane, ukuba nje iimeko zamanzi zivumela.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yezityalo ze-hydraulic
Izityalo zombane zithathwa njengomthombo amandla acocekileyo, ekubeni abavelisi ukukhutshwa ngexesha lokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuthathela ingqalelo impembelelo yokusingqongileyo abanokuthi bayivelise, ngakumbi ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwamadama kunye nokuguqulwa kwendlela yokuhamba kwemilambo.
Ezinye zezona mpembelelo zibalulekileyo ziquka ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo yendalo yasemanzini, impembelelo ekufudukeni kweentlanzi kunye nokuguqulwa kwentlenga nezondlo ezithuthwa ngumlambo ngokwendalo. Ukongezelela, ukwakhiwa kwamachibi amakhulu kunokuchaphazela imozulu yendawo ngokuguqula i-evaporation kunye ne-microclimate yendawo.
Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwezi mpembelelo zinokuncitshiswa ngoyilo olufanelekileyo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo okulungisa.
Ufakelo lwe-hydraulic lunamandla okudibanisa kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe obufana neepaneli zelanga, ukuvumela ukuhlalisana kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zamandla avuselelekayo kwindawo enye.
Izityalo zombane owenziwe ngamanzi zingqineke ziyintsika esisiseko ekuveliseni amandla acocekileyo nahlaziyiweyo, aphile ubomi obude obuluncedo kunye namandla amakhulu okuziqhelanisa nokuvela ngokweemfuno zexesha elizayo. Nangona iindleko zabo zokuqala ziphezulu, iindleko zabo zokugcina eziphantsi kunye nokuzinza zibenza bangabi nakuphikiswa ukufaka isandla kwikamva lamandla azinzileyo.