Indlela yokuguqula iintsiba zenkukhu zibe sisichumisi esinamandla

Izigidi zeetoni iintsiba inkukhu kunye nekharbon diokside, unobangela wokutshintsha kwemozulu, zikhutshwa minyaka le kwesi sijikelezi-langa. Nangona kunjalo, le nkunkuma inokuguqulwa ibe ngumthombo wexabiso eliphezulu ngokusebenzisa inkqubo elula yokuguqulwa ibe isichumiso sezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yenkqubo yekhemikhali elula. Ukongezelela, le nkqubo ivelisa imveliso yesibini enokusetyenziswa njengokuthintela amanzi.

Iplanethi likhaya kuqikelelo lwabemi I-19.000 yeebhiliyoni zeenkukhu, nto leyo emele inani eliliphinda kabini elinesiqingatha inani labantu abasehlabathini. Kweli nani likhulu leentaka, malunga 5 yezigidi zeetoni zeentsiba. Uninzi lwale mibhobho iphelela kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, apho ihlala amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kokubola lula.

Ukusetyenziswa kweentsiba zenkukhu kwezolimo

Iintsiba zenkukhu ziye zaba ngumxholo wophando ngenxa yokwakheka kwazo okutyebileyo kwi-keratin, nto leyo ezenza zibe ngumthombo onamandla okuvelisa umgquba kunye nezichumisi. Emva kokuguqulwa kweentsiba kwiimveliso ezifana neplastiki, i-hydrogen fuel kunye nezinto ezidibeneyo, ukusetyenziswa okutsha kuye kwaphuhliswa ngumphandi. Changle Chen ukusuka kwiYunivesithi yeSayensi kunye neTekhnoloji yaseChina, eHefei, kwiPhondo laseAnhui: velisa isichumiso sezinto eziphilayo.

Inkqubo yokuguqulwa kweentsiba

Inkqubo ephambili yokuguqula iintsiba zibe sisichumisi ziquka ipyrolysis. Ukubola kwegram enye yeentsiba ku-600ºC iiyure ezi-3 kukho icarbon dioxide, kuvelisa i-0,26 grams ye ammonium bicarbonate. Le mveliso ilungele ukusetyenziswa njenge-compost. Ngaphaya koko, xa ifudunyezwa ukuya kuma-60ºC, iyakhupha iammonia, esesinye isichumiso esiluncedo.

Le ndlela idibanisa inzuzo yokuphinda isetyenziswe i-biomass kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2, ukuvelisa umjikelo ozinzileyo.

Iintsiba kunye neekhemikhali zazo: umthombo ocebileyo wezondlo

Iintsiba zentaka zenziwa ikakhulu keratin, iprotheni yolwakhiwo oluxhathisa ngokugqithisileyo. Le keratin ineempawu ezinomdla, njengokunganyibiliki kwayo emanzini kunye nokuchasana ne-acids ebuthakathaka kunye neziseko. I-Keratin imele i I-90% yobunzima owomileyo kwiintsiba, ukuba zizityebi kwi-nitrogen, okwenza kube yindlela ekhangayo yokuphucula umgangatho womquba.

Isiqulatho sezondlo kwiintsiba sikwabandakanya:

• I-nitrogen: 15-18%
• Isulfure: 2-5%
• Amafutha: 1,3%
• Izimbiwa: 3,2%

Ukuvundisa ngeentsiba: ukwenza umgquba osebenzayo

Ukwenza umgquba yindlela esebenzayo yokusebenzisa iintsiba zenkukhu. Nangona kunjalo, i keratin Kunzima ukubola, ngoko ke indibaniselwano yezinto ezityebileyo zekhabhoni kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe ii-microorganisms ezisebenzayo ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokwenza umgquba.

Ubungakanani obusebenzayo bomgquba weentsiba

Uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo lubonise ukuba indibaniselwano nezinye izinto ezityebileyo ngekhabhoni, ezifana nexolo lompayini okanye iindiza, ziququzelela ukonakaliswa kweentsiba. Imilinganiselo ecetyiswayo yile:

• Iintsiba zenkukhu 12% + Pine bark 88% (C/N: 25)
• Iintsiba zenkukhu 6.6% + Pine bark 93.4% (C/N: 35)
• Iintsiba zenkukhu 12.36% + Pine bark 43.82% + Rye straw 43.82% (C/N: 25)

Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukubeka iliso kwi lobushushu womgquba ukuthintela izinto ekutshiseni ngokugqithisileyo.

Iiprojekthi ezintsha: imeko yeProjekthi ye-UNLOCK

El VULA iProjekthi, exhaswa ngemali yi-European Union, yenzelwe ukuguqula inkunkuma evela kwicandelo leenkukhu, ezifana neentsiba, zibe yimveliso ye-biobased yezicelo zezolimo. Eyona njongo yale projekthi kukuphucula iintsiba kunye nokuvelisa iimveliso ezifana neetreyi zembewu kunye nezigqubuthelo zezityalo ezithi, xa zibolile, zikhuphe initrogen ephilayo ukutyebisa umhlaba.

Izinto ezisekwe kwikeratin ezifunyenwe ngale nkqubo intsha azipheleli nje ngokubola, kodwa zinokuphucula ngokuthe ngqo. ukuchuma komhlaba ngokufaka initrogen kunye nezinye izondlo eziphambili.

Kutheni le nto i-compost esekwe kwiintsiba ilukhetho olufanelekileyo?

El ukwenza umgquba Iintsiba zenkukhu yeyona ndlela igqwesileyo ezinzileyo kuba ayisebenzi ngokutsha inkunkuma evela kwicandelo leenkukhu, kodwa ikwabonelela. iinzuzo zezolimo kwabo bafuna ukuphucula isivuno sezityalo zabo. Iqulethe initrogen kunye nezinye izondlo zezityalo ezibalulekileyo kwaye inokuphucula ngokubonakalayo ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokwakheka komhlaba.

Iinzuzo eziphambili ze-compost enentsiba:

• Igalelo le-nitrogen: Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, iintsiba zityebe kakhulu kwinitrogen, yiyo loo nto zikwazi ukunyusa amanqanaba esi sondlo emhlabeni, esiyimfuneko kwizityalo.
• ukunciphisa inkunkuma: Ukusetyenziswa kweentsiba ekwenzeni umgquba kunegalelo ekuncitshisweni komthamo omkhulu wenkunkuma ephilayo kwaye sisisombululo se-ecological ekuqokeleleni kwale nkunkuma.

Amanyathelo okugqibela: indlela yokusebenzisa umgquba onentsiba emhlabeni

Xa sele wenziwe umgquba, kubalulekile ukusasazwa ngokuchanekileyo emhlabeni. Iintsiba, njengoko zibola ngokucothayo, ziya kukhupha izondlo ngokuthe ngcembe, zityebise umhlaba kwixesha elide.

Olu hlobo lwesichumisi lusebenza ngokukodwa kwizityalo ezifuna igalelo elikhulu initrogen, njengezityalo ezinamagqabi (lettuce, isipinatshi, njl.), nangona inokusetyenziswa nakwezinye iintlobo zezityalo ezineziphumo ezibalaseleyo.

Ngokubanzi, umgquba osekelwe kwiintsiba zenkukhu lukhetho olukhulayo noluzinzileyo, zombini ngokwemiqathango yezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula umgangatho walo naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaba wokulima.

Ngamafutshane, ukusetyenziswa kweentsiba zenkukhu ukuvelisa izichumisi eziphilayo kunye nomgquba akuncedi nje ukunciphisa inkunkuma evela kwicandelo leenkukhu, kodwa ibonelela ngomthombo ocebileyo wezondlo eziphambili eziphucula ukuchuma kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi emhlabeni, okukhokelela kwizityalo eziphilileyo kunye nezivuno eziphuculweyo. .