Greenhouse effect: oonobangela, iziphumo kunye nezisombululo zokunqanda ukufudumala kwehlabathi

El ifuthe lamaqondo obushushu abanjwe lungcoliseko Yinto engokwemvelo enceda ukugcina ubushushu besijikelezi-langa sikwinqanaba elifanelekileyo ukuze ubomi buchume. Ngaphandle kwale nkqubo, i-avareji yobushushu kumphezulu woMhlaba bebuya kuba malunga ne-18°C, nto leyo esenza ubomi sibazi ukuba bungenzeki. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yokusebenza iye yatshintshwa zizenzo zabantu, ngakumbi ukususela kwi-Industrial Revolution. Oku kwanda koxinzelelo lweegesi ze-greenhouse kuhambelana ne kutshintsha kwe mozulu, ingxaki enzulu yokusingqongileyo, yezentlalo nezoqoqosho.

Iyintoni umphumo wegreenhouse?

El ifuthe lamaqondo obushushu abanjwe lungcoliseko Kwenzeka xa iatmosfera yoMhlaba ibamba inxenye yamandla ashushu aphuma kumphezulu. Imitha yelanga efikelela kwiplanethi ubukhulu becala ifunxwa ngumphezulu woMhlaba kwaye, kancinane, ibonakaliswa ngasemva emoyeni. Inxalenye yaloo mitha ibuyiselwa emajukujukwini, kodwa enye inxalenye igcinwa ziigesi ezikummandla ojikeleze umhlaba. Ezi gesi, ezaziwa ngokuba Igesi yendlu eluhlaza (GHG), thintela ubushushu ukuba bungaphumi, nto leyo eyenza ukufudumala kwehlabathi.

Phakathi kweegesi ezijongene nale nkqubo, i icarbon dioxide (CO₂), i imethane (CH₄), i i-nitrous oxide (N₂O) kunye ozone (O₃). Ezi gesi ziyakwazi ukubamba imitha ye-infrared, evumela ubushushu obufanele ubomi emhlabeni ukuba bugcinwe. Nangona kunjalo, ngokunyuka kwemisebenzi yabantu, ngokukodwa ukutshiswa kwamafutha e-fossil kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi, ukuxinwa kwezi gesi kuye kwanda kakhulu, kuqinisa umphumo wendalo.

Ziziphi izizathu zempembelelo ye-greenhouse?

Nangona kunjalo ifuthe lamaqondo obushushu abanjwe lungcoliseko Yinkqubo yendalo, imisebenzi yabantu iguqule ibhalansi yomjikelezo wekhabhoni, oye wabangela ukwanda okugqithiseleyo kwi-concentration of greenhouse gases. Oonobangela abaphambili ngaba balandelayo:

• Ukutshisa izibaso zefosili: Ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle, i-oyile kunye negesi kumbane kunyuse izinga lekharbon diokside kwiatmosfera. Le mithombo yamandla imele ukukhululwa okukhulu kweGHG.
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi: Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokungakhethiyo kunciphisa amandla oMhlaba okufunxa iCO₂. Ukongezelela, ukutsha kwezityalo kwezolimo kukhupha isixa esikhulu sale gesi emoyeni.
• Ukufuya ngokunzulu: Ukuvelisa inyama kuvelisa izixa ezikhulu methane, i-greenhouse gas enamandla kakhulu okufudumala kune-CO₂. Le methane ikhutshwa ngexesha lokutyiswa kwezilwanyana ezetyisayo naxa kukho ukubola komgquba.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zenitrogen: Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezichumisi kuyakhupha i-nitrous oxide, irhasi enempembelelo enkulu kakhulu kubushushu behlabathi kunekhabhon diokside.
• Amashishini kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa: Amacandelo afana nentsimbi kunye nemveliso yesamente akhupha izixa ezikhulu zeegesi ze-greenhouse, ziqinisa ingxaki.
• Iindlela zothutho: Izithuthi ezisebenzisa amafutha efosili zikwayi-GHG emitter enkulu.

Iziphumo zempembelelo ye-greenhouse

Ukunyuka koxinzelelo lweegesi ze-greenhouse kuneziphumo ezibi kakhulu kokusingqongileyo kunye nobomi emhlabeni. Eminye yeziphumo ezothusayo zezi:

• Ubushushu bukazwe lonke: Ukunyuka kwamaqondo okushisa kuye kwakhawuleza ukunyibilika kunye nokunyibilika kwee-polar caps. Oku kunyibilika konyusa amaqondo olwandle, kubeka esichengeni iindawo eziselunxwemeni. Ngokwezifundo ezahlukeneyo, iindawo ezinabantu abaninzi kufutshane nolwandle ziya kuchaphazeleka kakhulu kwiminyaka ezayo.
• Iziganeko zemozulu egqithisileyo: Iziganeko zemozulu ezifana nezaqhwithi, izikhukula kunye nembalela ziya zisiba qatha kwaye ziqhelekile. Ukutshintsha kweepateni zemozulu kuguqula imijikelo yezolimo kwaye kuchaphazela imveliso yokutya kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
• Ukunyibilika komkhenkce kunye nokunyamalala kwe-ikhosistim: Ukufudumala kwehlabathi kubangela ukuba imimandla emikhulu yomkhenkce kunye nomkhenkce wolwandle inyibilike, nto leyo esongela izilwanyana ezihlala kwezo nkqubo.
• Ubunzima bokutya kwezolimo: Utshintsho kwindlela yokuna kwemvula kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kuchaphazela kakhulu izityalo kunye nemfuyo, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukufumaneka kokutya kunye nokunyuka kwexabiso lakho.
• Impilo yomntu: Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nongcoliseko lomoya olusuka kutshintsho lwemozulu lunegalelo ekwandeni kwezifo zokuphefumla kunye nentliziyo.

Indlela yokunciphisa i-greenhouse effect

Ukunciphisa amanqanaba okukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza kunye nokwamkela amanyathelo azinzileyo kubalulekile ukunciphisa iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ezinye zezisombululo eziphambili zezi:

• Khuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo: Amandla elanga, umoya namanzi ayimithombo yamandla engangcolisi. Ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo xa kuthelekiswa namafutha efosili kubalulekile ukunqanda ukufudumala kwehlabathi.
• Hlaziya kwaye ukhusele i-ikhosistim: Ukutyala imithi kunye nokukhusela amahlathi akhoyo kubalulekile, njengoko imithi isebenza njenge-carbon sinks, ifunxa i-CO₂ emoyeni.
• Utshintsho olusingise kuqoqosho olujikelezayo: Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingenakuphinda zisetyenziswe kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezixhobo kubalulekile ukunciphisa inani lemithombo emitsha ekhutshwe kwiplanethi kunye nokukhutshwa kwemveliso yabo.
• Uthutho oluzinzileyo ngakumbi: Ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane, iibhayisikili kunye nokuthuthwa koluntu kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse ehambelana nokuthutha.
• Guqula imikhwa yokusetyenziswa kokutya: Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwenyama kunye nokukhetha ukutya okusekelwe kwizityalo kuya kunceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwemethane evela kumfuyi onzima.
• Ukubamba kunye nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni: Ubuchwephesha bokubanjwa kwekhabhoni entsha buvumela le gesi ukuba igcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo, ithintele ukukhululwa kwayo emoyeni.

Kubalulekile ukuba onke amazwe, iinkampani kunye nabantu ngabanye bafake isandla ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kwaye bathathe amanyathelo azinzileyo. Inyathelo ngalinye elincinci linyathelo elisingise kwiplanethi esempilweni, kwaye umzamo wehlabathi unokuthintela iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu ekubeni zingabinakuguqulwa.