Ukujongana nobuhlwempu be- izinto ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi elwandle, kutheni ungabheneli kwicultacacure? Uninzi lweesalmon ezithengiswa eJamani zivela kwi lwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, lo mkhuba unemiqobo enzima: abafuyi bahlala bebhenela kumayeza kwaye amanzi angcoliswa yinkunkuma ephilayo. Ngaphandle kwezi ngxaki, iingcali ezininzi ziqinisekile ukuba iifama ze-aquaculture azikwazi nje ukukhusela ulwandle, kodwa ziphinde zondle. kubemi behlabathi ekukhuleni rhoqo.
Umthombo weprotheni
Kulo ukutya kwabantu, intlanzi ngowona mthombo weprotini ehlabathini lonke, ukodlula iinkukhu nehagu. Okwangoku, intlanzi ihlangabezana neemfuno zeprotheyini ze-17% yabemi. Nangona kunjalo, imfuno yentlanzi iya kunyuka kakhulu kwiminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwi-15 ezayo, ngokuphindwe kabini. Ngaphandle lwamanzi, bekungeke kwenzeke ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno zeprotheyini zandayo, ngokukodwa ngokukhula kwabemi abahlala rhoqo.
I-aquaculture ibonelela ngenzuzo engundoqo xa kuthelekiswa nokufuya izilwanyana zasemhlabeni ezifana neehagu okanye iinkomo. Okokuqala, iintlanzi nezinto eziphila elwandle zifuna ukutya okuncinane kunezilwanyana. izilwanyana zasemhlabeni. Ngokomzekelo, ukuvelisa ikhilogram enye yenyama yenkomo kufuna ukuya kumaxesha ali-15 ukutya ngaphezu kokuvelisa ikhilogram enye yecarp.
Oku konga amandla kwiintlanzi kungenxa yezinto ezimbini eziphambili. Kwelinye icala, iintlanzi zizilwanyana ezinegazi elibandayo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ubushushu bazo bangaphakathi buqhelana nendawo ezihlala kuyo, okonga amandla. Kwelinye icala, ukuhamba kwindawo ehlala emanzini kufuna umgudu omncinci kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezilwanyana ezihamba emhlabeni.
Inye kwintlanzi ezimbini ivela kwi-aquaculture
Ngokutsho kwe-UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), isiqingatha seentlanzi ezityiwayo ngoku siphuma lwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukubaluleka kwesi senzo kuyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kummandla. Embindini weYurophu, abathengi bakhetha iintlanzi zasendle, ngelixa baseTshayina lwamanzi Inesithethe samandulo. Kangangeenkulungwane, amaTshayina akhulise i-carp, isenzo esibeke ilizwe phambili kwimveliso ye-aquaculture. Namhlanje, iTshayina ivelisa isibini kwisithathu seentlanzi zehlabathi. lwamanzi ehlabathini lonke.
Isenzo esiqhubeka sigxekwa ngoososayensi bezendalo
Njengoko i-aquaculture ikhula, iye yatsala ukugxekwa kakhulu kwiingcali zendalo esingqongileyo. Kunokuba ibe sisicombululo kwingxaki yokuloba ngokugqithisileyo, kwiimeko ezininzi oko kuye kwayenza mandundu imeko. Uninzi lweentlobo ezikhuliswe kwi-aquaculture zitya inyama, oku kuthetha ukuba zitya ezinye iintlobo ekumele zibanjwe kwindawo yazo yendalo.
Imeko yetuna ixhalabisa ngakumbi, kuba olu hlobo alukwazi ukuzala luvalelwe. Abalimi babambisa ityhuna eziselula baze bazikhulisele ehokweni, bezondla ngeentlanzi ezixabisa imali eninzi abazifumana elwandle. Ngenxa yokubanjelwa, ityhuna ayikwazi ukuzala, ukwandisa uxinzelelo kubantu basendle.
Izinto eziluncedo kwi-aquaculture
Ngaphandle kweengxaki, i-aquaculture ikwabonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo:
- Imveliso yokutya esebenzayo: Yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokuvelisa iiproteni ezisetyenziswa ngabantu. Iintlanzi zinezinga eliphantsi lokuguqulela ukutya kunezilwanyana zasemhlabeni.
- Uqoqosho lwasekhaya: Ivelisa ingqesho kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho kwimimandla engaselunxwemeni neyasemaphandleni, apho ezinye iindlela zengqesho zisenokuhla.
- Ukomelela: Xa kuthelekiswa nokuloba endle, i-aquaculture inokuba yindlela ezinzileyo xa ilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwabantu basendle kunye nokuba negalelo kulondolozo lolwandle.
Ukungalungi kunye nemingcipheko ye-aquaculture
Nangona kunjalo, kukho imiqobo ebalulekileyo kunye nemingeni ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ukuze imfuyo yasemanzini izinze ngokwenene:
- Ungcoliseko: Ukuqokelelana kwenkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo, njengokutya kunye nendle yeentlanzi, kunokuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wamanzi, okukhokelela kwiingxaki ezifana ne-eutrophication.
- Izifo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-antibiotics: Iimeko ezixineneyo kwiifama ezininzi zeentlanzi zingakhuthaza ukusasazeka kwezifo, ezikhokelela ekusebenziseni ngokugqithiseleyo i-antibiotics, ukubeka izinto eziphilayo zamanzi kunye nempilo yabantu emngciphekweni.
- Ukuphulukana nezinto eziphilayo: Ukwaziswa kweentlobo zezilwanyana ezingaqhelekanga okanye ukubaleka kweentlanzi ezifuywayo kunokutshintsha inkqubo yendalo yasekuhlaleni ngokukhuphisana neentlobo zendalo.
Ngaphandle kwayo yonke le mingeni, kubalulekile ukuba kuqhutyekwe nophando lokufumana iindlela zokwenza iaquaculture igcineke ngakumbi kwaye ingonakali kangako kokusingqongileyo. Ubuchwephesha obufana neenkqubo zokujikeleza kwezilwanyana zasemanzini (recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)) buyanceda ekunciphiseni iimpembelelo ezingalunganga, nangona kusekho indlela ende ekufuneka ihanjwe.
Amandla okufuywa kwezilwanyana zasemanzini ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yeeprotheyini zaselwandle ngokungathandabuzekiyo. Ukuba sinokuyoyisa imingeni yayo, obu buchule bunokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kukhuseleko lokutya lwehlabathi.