Icandelo lezindlu ezenziwe ngomthi likhule ngokukuko kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, kunye namaxabiso ayo akhuphisanayo kunye nexesha elifutshane lokwakha lenza abaninzi bacinge ngokutsha ngolu hlobo lwezindlu xa kuthelekiswa nezindlu zekhonkrithi okanye izindlu zezitena.
Ukuchaneka ngakumbi, i izindlu ezenziwe ngamaplanga Banokuba malunga a 25% okanye 30% ngexabiso eliphantsi kunendlu yekonkile, kwaye ukwakhiwa kwayo ngokuqhelekileyo akuthathi ngaphezu kweenyanga ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-6. Ezi mpawu zinomtsalane kakhulu kwabo bafuna ikhaya lesibini kwindawo yendalo okanye nakwikhaya eliphambili.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo, kubalulekile ukuhlalutya kungekuphela nje ixabiso kunye noyilo, kodwa kunye nemiba yokwakha, yokulawula kunye nokugcinwa kwezi zakhiwo ezifunekayo.
Iindlela zokufumana indlu yamaplanga
Namhlanje, zikho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili ukufumana indlu yamaplanga, ukubonelela ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ngokwenqanaba lokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kunye neemfuno zomthengi:
- Ikhithi ye-DIY (Yenza Ngokwakho): Iphakheji equka zonke iindawo eziyimfuneko ukuze umnini ahlanganise isakhiwo sendlu ngokwakhe. Olu khetho lufanelekile kubantu abanezakhono ze-DIY kwaye bajonge ukonga kwiindleko zabasebenzi.
- Ikhithi edibeneyo: Ikhithi ihanjiswa kodwa sele idibene, egcina ixesha kunye nomzamo. Olu khetho lubandakanya inkcitho eyongezelelweyo emsebenzini, kodwa lusexabiso eliphantsi kunendlu eyakhiwe ngokupheleleyo.
- Turnkey: Olona khetho lukhululekileyo, kuba likuvumela ukuba ufumane indlu eyakhiwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ulungele ukuhlala kuyo. Nangona iyeyona ndlela ibiza kakhulu kwezi zintathu, isenomtsalane kuba ixesha lokuhambisa lidla ngokuba lifutshane kunelo lolwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo.
Imiba yomthetho nolawulo
En EspañaNjengakwamanye amazwe, ukwakha indlu yokhuni kubalulekile ukuthobela imimiselo ethile. Into yokuqala kukufumana i iphepha-mvume lokwakha elivela kwiBhunga leSixekokunye a iprojekthi esayinwe ngumyili wezakhiwo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ulwakhiwo luthobela iKhowudi yeSakhiwo soBugcisa (CTE), kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhlala kunye nokhuseleko lwesakhiwo.
Kwelinye icala, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba izindlu ezenziwe ngamaplanga Zintoni ii ibambelele emhlabeni Zithathwa njengezindlu ezithengiswayo kwaye kufuneka zihambelane nemigaqo yocwangciso lwedolophu. Nangona kunjalo, amakhaya ahambahambayo, lo gama nje engaqhotyoshelwanga ngokusisigxina, ajongwa njengempahla yomntu kwaye aneemfuno ezingqongqo.
Iindidi zezindlu ezenziwe ngomthi
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezakhiwo zokhuni, nganye ineempawu ezithile eziyahlula ngokubhekiselele kwi-aesthetics, i-insulation kunye nokuqina. Ezona ziphambili zichazwe ngezantsi:
izindlu zamaplanga
Olu hlobo lolwakhiwo lusebenzisa iinkuni zonke, ezihambelanayo ngaphandle kwemfuneko yonyango olukhulu. Babonelela a i-insulator yendalo egqwesileyo ngenxa yobunzima bomthi, okuvumela ukugcina izinto zangaphakathi zifudumele ebusika kwaye zipholile ehlotyeni. Nangona kunjalo, enye yeengongoma ezingalunganga yi ukungafezeki kumalungu phakathi kweziqu, enokudala ukuvuza komoya okuncinci. Ukusebenzisa iilogs ezisikwere kunganciphisa le ngxaki.
Izindlu zefreyimu ezikhanyayo
Le yeyona nkqubo ixhaphakileyo kumazwe afana neMelika neCanada. Isekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kwe iipaneli ezimiselweyo kunye neenxalenye, ukuququzelela zombini indibano kunye nokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo. Izindlu zefreyimu ezikhanyayo bhetyebhetye kuyilo kwaye unikeze ibhalansi elungileyo phakathi kweendleko kunye nokuqina. Ukongeza, ubume bayo buvumela ukufakwa kwe-thermal okugqwesileyo, okuguqulela ukonga amandla amakhulu.
Izindlu ezinophahla ezinzima
Kulo hlobo lolwakhiwo, lusetyenziswa Umthi oqinileyo kwimiqadi, ebanika ukuzinza okukhulu kunye nokuchasana. Ziluncedo ngakumbi kwizakhiwo ezinomgangatho ongaphezulu kwesinye, kuba zigcina uzinzo olungcono kumphakamo kunefreyim yokukhanya. Ukongezelela, le nkqubo igwema ukusetyenziswa kweentsimbi zetsimbi, ezinciphisa ukubonakala kweebhuloho ze-thermal.
Amakhaya ahambayo
Ngokuqhelekileyo idityaniswe kumzi-mveliso ize ihanjiswe kwindawo yokufakela, la makhaya Zingenziwa ngamaplanga okanye ezinye izinto. Zithandwa kakhulu kumazwe asemantla aseYurophu ngenxa yesantya sokuhlanganisana. ESpain, nangona ixhaphake kakhulu, iyakhula ekuthandeni kwaye abakhi abaninzi babheja kula makhaya.
Zifumaneka phi iinkuni?
Imvelaphi yokhuni yinkalo ebalulekileyo yokuqwalasela. Ngokuxhomekeke kwilizwe elivela kuyo, umgangatho walo ungahluka, othe wona, uchaphazela ixabiso kunye nokuqina kokwakhiwa.
- Iinkuni ezikumgangatho ophezulu: Ifumaneka ikakhulu eFinland, eUnited States, eKhanada, eDenmark naseNorway. La mazwe anesithethe eside sokuphathwa kakubi kwamahlathi awo.
- Umthi womgangatho ophakathi: Ivela kumazwe afana neLatvia, ePoland okanye eSpain. Ngokuqhelekileyo zikhula ngokukhawuleza iipayini okanye iifirs.
- Iinkuni ezisemgangathweni osemgangathweni: Nangona ukuqina kwayo kuphantsi, iseyinketho elungileyo kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluqinileyo. Lo mthi uvela eRomania, eChile okanye eBrazil.
Inkcukacha ebalulekileyo yeyokuba eSpeyin, nangona kuveliswa iinkuni ezikumgangatho ophakathi, iinkuni ezikumgangatho ophakathi ezisuka kumazwe anjengeRomania zisoloko zisetyenziswa, ngenxa yexabiso lawo eliphantsi. Oku kunokuba yindlela efanelekileyo ukuba injongo kukunciphisa iindleko kwixesha elifutshane, kodwa iziphumo ezinokubakho kwixesha eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo.
Indlela yokukhetha indlu egqibeleleyo yokhuni
Xa ukhetha indlu yokhuni, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezithile eziphambili eziza kuqinisekisa zombini induduzo kunye nokuqina kolwakhiwo.
Ulwakhiwo
Isakhiwo sisiseko saso nasiphi na isakhiwo, kwaye indlu yokhuni ayifani. Ngaloo ndlela, i ilayithi elula Igqamile ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo, okukuvumela ukuba uyile izithuba zangaphakathi kunye nezangaphandle ngokufanelekileyo. Ukongezelela, le nkqubo inceda indlu ukuba iphefumle kwaye igcine ubushushu obuzinzileyo unyaka wonke.
Ukubekwa wedwa
El ukwahlulwa kobushushu Isitshixo kwindlu yamaplanga. Udonga lwangaphandle olulungileyo kufuneka lube neengqimba zokukhusela ezifana amanzi kunye nomphunga, ngaphezu kokuba nezinto ezifana ne-OSB, ezithintela ukungena komswakama. Ngale ndlela, uya kwenza indlu yakho ibe namandla.
Ukugqiba kwangaphakathi nangaphandle
Enye yezona zinto zinomtsalane kakhulu kwizindlu zokhuni kukukwazi ukuzenzela ngokwezifiso. Ukususela ekusebenziseni izinto ezifana iibhodi ze-OSB o ulwimi lomthi kunye ne-groove kumatye endalo angaphandle, ukhetho luninzi kwaye lunokulungelelanisa naluphi na uhlobo lwezakhiwo.
Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga
Izindlu zamaplanga zine iingenelo ezibalulekileyo ezenza zibe lukhetho olubalaseleyo kwiimeko ezininzi, kodwa zikwabonisa ezinye iingxaki oko kufuneka kuqwalaselwe phambi kokwenza isigqibo sokugqibela.
Inzuzo
- Ukuzinza: Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, indlu yokhuni inokuhlala iminyaka engaphezu kwama-70.
- Ukomelela: Ukuba iinkuni zivela kumahlathi alawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, indlu ihambelana kakhulu nokusingqongileyo kunokwakhiwa kwesiqhelo.
- Ukusebenza kwamandla: Njengesigqubuthelo sendalo esigqwesileyo, ukhuni lufanelekile ukugcina amakhaya afudumele ebusika kwaye epholile ehlotyeni, ukunciphisa iindleko zamandla.
- Ukuguquguquka kuyilo: Isakhiwo sendlu yokhuni sinokuguqulwa ngokulula.
Iintsilelo
- Ulungiso: Izindlu zamaplanga zifuna ukugcinwa rhoqo, ngakumbi ukuphepha iingxaki zokufuma kunye nezinambuzane ezifana neentubi.
- Imililo: Nangona unyango oluthintela umlilo lusetyenziswa, ingozi yomlilo isenkulu kunendlu yezitena okanye yesamente.
- Imbono yentlalo: Kwezinye iindawo, izindlu zamaplanga azikalufumani udumo olufana nolwakhiwe ngesamente okanye ngezitena.
Izindlu zokhuni lukhetho olunomdla kwabo bafuna ukwakhiwa okuzinzileyo, ubuhle kunye nolwakhiwo olusebenzayo. Nangona zifuna ulondolozo oluthile kunye nokhathalelo oluthile olongezelelweyo, izibonelelo abazinikezelayo malunga nokonga amandla kunye nentuthuzelo zibenza babe ukhetho lokuthathela ingqalelo.
Indlu eyenziwe ngomthi vs indlu yezitena kunye nesamente
Umthi yenye yezona zinto zithandwa kakhulu ziingcali kwicandelo nangabathengi kunye nabanini bamakhaya. Ngapha koko, le nto yeyona nto inokuthi iphinde ihlaziyeke ngokwenyani, ngenxa yomjikelo wayo wemveliso, kwaye inezinto ezibonakalayo ezinomdla, ezingaziwayo kwizinto ezininzi zokwakha. Ngasiphi isizathu? Makhe sifunde kunye.
Izindlu ezenziwe ngomthi zilula kodwa ziyanyamezela.
Njengoko sisazi, iinkuni yinto elula kakhulu kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kulula ukuyihambisa. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba indlu eyenziwe ngomthi ayizinzanga, ngokuchaseneyo! Ulwakhiwo oluthwala umthwalo lomelele kakhulu kwaye, phakathi kwezinye izinto, vumela ukulungiswa okuphezulu ezindongeni kwempahla yococeko, iiyunithi zodonga, iishelfu kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi zokuhombisa. Ngapha koko, ngokwembono yenyikima, ulwakhiwo lwamaplanga lunenqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu lokhuseleko kunokwakhiwa kwezitena, njengoko zinokuqina okuncinci kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba indlu eyenziwe ngomthi iyakwazi ukuwamkela ngokufanelekileyo amandla akhutshwe yinyikima, oko kukuthi, indlu eyenziwe ngomthi yindlu echasene nenyikima.
Izindlu ezenziwe ngamaplanga zinokumelana nomlilo.
Ngokuchasene nenkolelo edumileyo, iinkuni zivutha kancinci kwaye, xa kuthe kwakho umlilo, izindlu ezenziwe ngamaplanga zomelele kakhulu kunezakhiwo zesintu. Ngapha koko, ukhuni lutshile kuphela kumphezulu womhlaba, ushiya ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi phantse lungatshintshi. Ngokwenza i-carbonizing, olu luhlu luyakwazi ukuthoba isantya sokusasazeka kwamadangatye, esebenza njengesixhobo sokwambathisa ngokwenyani kwaye ngaloo ndlela kugcinwa iipropathi ezimileyo zesakhiwo, esingathintelwanga kwaphela. Isamente kunye nentsimbi, kwelinye icala, zizinto ezinamava okwehla ngokukhawuleza kweempawu zoomatshini. Ngesi sizathu, kwimeko yomlilo, indlu eyenziwe ngomthi ikhuseleke kakhulu kunokwenziwa kwayo, umzekelo, eyenziwe ngekhonkrithi.
Umthi sisixhobo esigqibeleleyo se-thermoacoustic.
Enye yezona mpawu zixabisekileyo zezindlu zomthi yipropathi yokwambathisa le nto inayo. Ngapha koko, iinkuni ziqinisekisa ukuvakala kwe-acoustic kunye ne-thermal insulation. Ngesi sizathu sokugqibela, amazwe aseNordic akhetha iinkuni ukwenza ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi nolwangaphakathi lwamakhaya abo. E-Itali, nangona kunjalo, le nto isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwesilingi, imigangatho kunye nokugqitywa. Ukuba uthathe isigqibo sokwakha indlu yakho eyenziwe ngomthi, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba uza kuhlala kwindlu enemozulu entle, eshushu ebusika kwaye epholile ehlotyeni. Iinkuni ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha izindlu esele zenziwe, enyanisweni, zinendawo yokufuma echanekileyo, enkosi yenkqubo ethile yokomisa, ikukhusela kwingozi yokubumba.