La ISityalo saMandla eNyukliya saseCofrentes, ehlala eCofrentes, eValencia, yenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zokuvelisa umbane eSpain. Ukususela oko yasungulwa ngo-1984, ibe negalelo elibonakalayo kwimveliso yombane yeli lizwe. Esi sixhobo senyukliya, esiphethwe yi-Iberdrola, sisebenzisa a ireactor yamanzi abilayo (BWR-6), iteknoloji eye yaphunyezwa nakwezinye izityalo ezidumileyo kwihlabathi.
Ngalo lonke ixesha lokusebenza kwaso, i-Cofrentes Nuclear Power Plant yenze uhlaziyo lwetekhnoloji eyahlukeneyo ukuphucula ukhuseleko nokusebenza kwaso. Kule nqaku, siya kuchaza ngokucacileyo ukusebenza kwesityalo, iimpawu zayo zobugcisa, iziganeko eziye zaphawula imbali yayo kunye nokuvela kwemilinganiselo yokhuseleko.
IiNjongo zeCofrentes Nuclear Power Plant
Eyona njongo ingundoqo kulawulo lwe-Cofrentes Nuclear Power Plant kukuzibophelela kulo khu seleko, la ngempumelelo kunye ukuhlonipha okusingqongileyo. Ukufezekisa oku, i-Iberdrola yamkele imigaqo emininzi ephambili ekhokela ukusebenza kwesityalo:
- Ulungiso olubanzi: Isityalo sigcinwa kwiimeko ezingcono kakhulu, ukuhlaziya iinkqubo zayo zobugcisa kunye nezokhuseleko ngokuqhubekayo.
- Ukhuseleko lokusebenza: Ukhuseleko luqinisekisiwe ngokuphunyezwa kwezona teknoloji zihamba phambili.
- Uqeqesho oluqhubekayo: Kubalulekile ukuba bonke abasebenzi bemizi-mveliso baqeqeshwe ngokwaneleyo ukunciphisa imingcipheko yomsebenzi nokuphucula ukusebenza.
- Ukubekwa elubala: Lo mzi-mveliso ugcina uluntu lunolwazi malunga nemeko yawo ukuze luvelise ukuthembana nokuphepha ulwazi olungachananga.
Ukongeza, isityalo sinobudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nabemi kwinqanaba lemfundo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Abemi kunye namaziko emfundo banokundwendwela amaziko ukuze bafunde ngakumbi malunga namandla enyukliya, nto leyo ebethelela umgaqo-nkqubo wayo wokwenza izinto elubala.
Iimpawu zobuGcisa beSiziko saMandla seNyukliya saseCofrentes
I-Cofrentes Nuclear Power Plant ine- umbane ofakiweyo we-1.092 MW, ekuvumela ukuba wenze phantse I-9.000 yezigidi zekWh ngonyaka, isixa esaneleyo sokugubungela ukusetyenziswa kombane kuLuntu lwaseValencia. Ukufezekisa esi sikhundla, sisebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-BWR-6 yereactor, enye yezona zinto zisulungekileyo kwicandelo lamandla enyukliya.
El BWR-6 ireactor yinkqubo ye umjikelo wamanzi othe ngqo, apho amanzi esebenza njengesipholisi kunye nemodareyitha. Ngaphakathi kwisixhobo sokwenza umbane, amanzi afudunyezwa ade abilise, enze umphunga osetyenziswa ukuqhuba iiinjini zokuvelisa umbane. Omnye umphunga uyajiya kwaye ubuyela kwi-reactor, ukwenza inkqubo isebenze kakuhle.
Le teknoloji iphinda isetyenziswe kwizityalo ezidumileyo njengeFukushima Daiichi, eziye zavelisa ingxabano kunye neemfuno ezongezelelweyo zokukhusela ukuphepha iziganeko ezifanayo.
Inkqubo yokwahlula ukufuma
Enye yezinto eziphambili zesityalo yi isahluli sokufuma. Idityaniswe kwinkqubo ye-reactor kwaye eyona njongo yayo kukuphucula umgangatho womphunga. Ukusebenzisa inkqubo ye-cyclonic engenazo iindawo ezihambayo, isahluli siphakamisa ukucoceka komphunga ukusuka kwi-15% ukuya kwi-90%, kubalulekile ukukhusela umonakalo kwiiinjini zomoya kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.
Iimpompo zeJet
Las iimpompo zejethi Badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiCofrentes Central. Kukho iimpompo ezingama-20 ezisasazwa ngamaqela alinganayo ajikeleze umbindi, owenziwe ngetsimbi engenasici. Ezi mpompo ziqinisekisa ukujikeleza ngenkani kwesipholisa ngondoqo, ovumela i-reactor ukuba ifikelele kumandla aphezulu.
IiBar zokulawula
Isixhobo esiphambili sokulawula i-reactor yinkqubo yolawulo. imivalo yokulawula. KwiZiko leNyukliya laseCofrentes, iibhari ezili-145 ezicwangciswe ngendlela emnqamlezo ziyasetyenziswa. Ezi ntonga ziqulethe izinto zokufunxa i-neutron ezifana ne-boron carbide (CB4) kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukusebenza kwakhona kunye nokusabalalisa amandla ngaphakathi kwe-reactor. Ngokuphila ukuya kuthi ga kwi-18 leminyaka, badlala indima ebalulekileyo kukhuseleko lwe-reactor.
Ukusebenza kweCofrentes Nuclear Power Plant
Ukusebenza kwesixhobo senyukliya esifana ne-Cofrentes akwahlukanga kwiingcamango ezisisiseko kwezinye iziko lombane, kodwa kunomahluko ophambili esiwusebenzisayo. uranium etyetyisiweyo njengamafutha. Inkqubo ye Ukulwa kwenyukliya Yinto eyenza ubushushu obuyimfuneko ukudala umphunga kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ukuvelisa umbane.
Amafutha eNyukliya
Amafutha asetyenziswa eCofrentes akhiwe I-4,2% ityetyiswe kancinci i-uranium, icutshungulwe kwiipelisi ezincinci ze-ceramic ngaphakathi kweentonga ze-zirconium. Ezi ntonga, ezaziwa ngokuba izinto zamafutha, ziyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo ngaphakathi kwireactor, apho iintshukumo zenyukliya ezikhupha ubushushu zenzeka.
Amanyathelo okuVeliswa koMbane
- Amanzi akwi-reactor afudunyezwa ngamandla akhutshwa kwi-fission yenyukliya.
- Umphunga owenziwe kwi-reactor usetyenziselwa ngqo ukuqhuba a I-injini yoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
- Emva koko iya kuthotho lwezifudumezi kunye nezomisi ezisusa ukufuma kumphunga ngaphambi kokufudukela kwi I-injini yoxinzelelo oluphantsi.
- Okokugqibela, umphunga uguqulwa ube ngamandla omatshini okuqhuba iijenereyitha ezincanyathiselwe kwiiinjini zomoya, ngaloo ndlela uvelisa amandla ombane.
Umphunga ogqithisileyo uphinda ujike ubuyele emanzini kwaye ubuyiselwe kwi-reactor kumjikelo ovaliweyo, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Inkqubo yefriji
Isixokelelwano sokupholisa e-Cofrentes sibalulekile ukunqanda ukushisa okugqithisileyo. Sebenzisa a isiphaluka esivaliweyo, apho amanzi apholisa i-reactor edlula kwiinqaba ezinkulu zendalo eziyilwayo, nge I-129 yeemitha ukuphakama kunye ne-90 yeemitha ububanzi. Esi sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuba amanzi aphola ngokwaneleyo ngaphambi kokuba abuyele kwi-reactor.
Ukongeza, amanzi atsalwa kuwo Umlambo waseJucar ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokupholisa, nangona uninzi lwayo luba ngumphunga kwiinqaba zokupholisa. Amanzi agqithisileyo abuyiselwa emlanjeni, ehlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yolawulo lomgangatho kunye nemigaqo yokusingqongileyo.
Izehlo kunye neziGxoko ze-Cofrentes Nuclear Power Plant
I-Cofrentes Nuclear Power Plant ibingumxholo wezigxeko ezahlukeneyo kwaye irekhode izehlo ezithile eziphawulekayo kwimbali yaso. Iziko lijongene Iziganeko eziphawulekayo ze-10 kwi-2017, olona lubi kakhulu lwenzeka xa ukonakala koomatshini kwachazwa njengo inqanaba loku-1 kuSikali soMsitho weNyukliya waMazwe ngaMazwe (INES). Nangona yayiyintlupheko encinci, ezi ntlobo zeziganeko zihlala zibangela ukukhathazeka.
Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, kuye kwakho iifowuni ezininzi ezivela kumaqela okusingqongileyo ezifana Uxolo oluluhlaza y ITanki yeCofrents ukuvala isityalo, ekubeni uyilo lwaso lufana nesityalo saseFukushima. Esinye seziganeko ezidume kakubi senzeka ngo-2011 xa amatshantliziyo eGreenpeace akwaziyo ukufikelela kumaziko alo mzi-mveliso ukuze alumkise malunga nokuba semngciphekweni kwawo.
Iziganeko ezincinci kunye noKhuseleko
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ezona ziganeko zinzima ziye zahlelwa njengenqanaba loku-1 kwi-INES, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba yayiziimpazamo ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi kuluntu okanye kokusingqongileyo. Ngokubanzi, isityalo sibonise ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwaye siyahambelana nemimiselo ye IBhunga lezoKhuseleko lweNyukliya (CSN) ukunciphisa iingozi.
I-Iberdrola izimisele ukuqhubeka nokutyalomali kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko kunye nohlaziyo lwezobuchwepheshe. Nangona kungekho ntlekele inkulu yenzekileyo kulo mzi-mveliso, ingxoxo ngokhuseleko lwawo ihleli ingumba oshushu, ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba isityalo sikufuphi nentaba-mlilo yaseCofrentes, nangona oku kubonwa njengento engasebenziyo.
Kuyo yonke imbali yaso, isityalo siye saphuculwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Ubomi bayo bokugqibela obuluncedo kulindeleke ukuba bufikelele malunga ne-2030, nangona kunjalo, akukhutshelwanga ukuba iya kwandiswa, njengoko kwenzekile kwezinye iindawo zamandla enyukliya eSpain.
Ikamva lesityalo liya kuxhomekeka kwindlela i-Iberdrola elawula ngayo isigaba sokugqibela sokusebenza, kunye nezigqibo zokulawula zelizwe kunye nezamazwe ngamazwe.