Machu Picchu, efumaneka kwi-Andes yasePeru, yindawo ye-archaeological evelele kwimbali, inkcubeko kunye nokubaluleka kwezakhiwo. Yakhiwe yimpucuko ye-Inca ngenkulungwane ye-15, le nqaba ithathwa njengeyona nto ibalaseleyo yoyilo lwe-pre-Columbian kunye nobungqina obuchukumisayo bobunjineli obuphambili be-Incas. Nangona kunjalo, kukho inkxalabo ekhulayo: IMachu Picchu iyatshona. Lo mkhwa ubangele uloyiko apha ekhaya nakumazwe ngamazwe, uchaphazela ukhenketho kwaye ubangele amanyathelo angxamisekileyo olondolozo.
Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga nzulu ukuba kutheni Machu Picchu iyatshona, izisombululo eziphunyeziweyo kunye nokubaluleka kwembali nenkcubeko yale ndawo yomfuziselo. Injongo kukunika ingcaciso malunga nezizathu, amanyathelo okuthintela athatyathwayo kunye nefuthe lehlabathi elinalo kuluntu.
IMachu Picchu iyatshona
Ukuwohloka kommangaliso wesithathu wehlabathi kubangele ii-alam. Ngokwezifundo zamva nje, Umhlaba weMachu Picchu uzika phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-15 yeesentimitha ngonyaka, isantya esixhalabisayo esisongela kungekuphela nje iziseko zayo, kodwa kunye nexabiso le-archaeological kunye nenkcubeko. Unobangela ophambili wale nto yindibaniselwano yezinto zejoloji kunye nokungena okukhulu kwabakhenkethi, okudlula izigidi ezibini ngonyaka.
Nangona kunjalo UMachu Picchu uye waxhathisa kangangeenkulungwane Ekubeni ukwakhiwa kwayo, uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo oluvela kwiindwendwe lukhawuleza ukuwohloka, longezwa kwiimpawu zendawo yalo. I-citadel yakhiwe kumhlaba ongazinzanga kwaye kwindawo apho imvula kunye nokudilika komhlaba kuxhaphakile. Ezi meko zenza ukuba indawo ibe sesichengeni ngakumbi.
Ukunciphisa impembelelo yomntu, ezinye iinjineli kunye nabembi bezinto zakudala bacebise amanyathelo anjengokufaka iigrill zokuhambisa amanzi, nto leyo ebiya kunceda ukunciphisa isantya sokukhukuliseka komhlaba nokufumba kwamanzi ngexesha leemvula. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zenzo azanelanga ukuba inani labatyeleli kunye neempembelelo ezizenzayo kumhlaba obuthathaka azilawulwa.
Enye inzame ebalulekileyo ibe kukuthintelwa kokusetyenziswa kwe izihlangu zodwa ezinzima okanye izithende ngaphakathi kwinqaba. Esi sithintelo sifuna ukugcina umhlaba we-archaeological, uncoma iibhola zerabha okanye izinto ezithambileyo zokunciphisa ukunxiba.
Kutheni iMachu Picchu izika?
Esinye sezizathu ezibalulekileyo emva kokuwa yinani elikhulu leendwendwe zemihla ngemihla ezifunyanwa nguMachu Picchu. Iingcali zibonisa ukuba ukugcwala kwabakhenkethi okuqhubekayo ichaphazela uzinzo lomhlaba, ngakumbi kwiindawo apho umhlaba sele usesichengeni ngokwejoloji.
Ukongeza koku kukuba esi sixeko simi kwi-a indawo esebenzayo yenyikima neziphene ezininzi zejoloji. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kukhokelele kwintshukumo yomhlaba enokuthi, ukuba ayilawulwa ngendlela eyiyo, ingabangela ukudilika komhlaba okuyintlekele.
El IYunivesithi yaseKyoto yoThintelo lweNtlekele kunye neZiko loPhando ichonge "umgca wokugqwesa" kumgangatho wenqaba. NgokukaKyoji Sassa, lo mgca ubonisa ukufuduswa okumalunga nesentimitha enye ngenyanga. Nangona ukunyakaza kunokubonakala kuncinci, kubaluleke ngokwaneleyo ukuphazamisa isakhiwo sonke somhlaba ukuba akukho manyathelo ongezelelweyo athathwayo.
Ukukhukuliseka komhlaba kunye nokugcwala ngexesha leemvula ezinkulu ngomnye umba ongundoqo. Amathafa okulima, awayekade engumzekelo wokukwazi kwamaInca ukulawula amanzi nomhlaba, namhlanje athwaxwa yimiphumo yokuguga. Ngaphandle kokunyamekela okwaneleyo, inkqubo ye-Inca yokukhupha amanzi igxininisekile, igalelo ekunciphiseni okuqhubekayo.
Amanyathelo okuthintela ukutshona
Uninzi lwamanyathelo asebenzayo kwaye afikelela kude athathwe ngabasemagunyeni abandakanya ukunciphisa inani labakhenkethi abavunyelwe yonke imihla. Ukusukela ngo-2019, ukufikelela bekulinganiselwe Iindwendwe zemihla ngemihla ezingama-2.500, endaweni yabangaphezu kwama-5.000 XNUMX ababekhe batyelela esi siza kwiminyaka edluleyo. Ukongeza kolu lawulo lwamandla, iindlela ezithintelweyo zenziwe ukuba zikwazi ukusasaza ukuhamba kwabantu kwaye zithintele ukuguga komhlaba.
Esinye isisombululo esibalulekileyo ibe kukusetyenziswa kwe abenzi boluvo kunye neenkqubo zokubeka iliso evumela abaphandi ukuba balandele iintshukumo zomhlaba ngexesha lokwenyani. Ngolu lwazi, amanqaku omngcipheko omkhulu we-slippage anokulindelwa, okunceda ukuphumeza amanyathelo okukhusela.
El UMphathiswa weNkcubeko yasePeru ikhuthaze iiprojekthi zohlaziyo lwamahlathi kwiindawo ezingqonge iMachu Picchu. Uhlaza aluncedi nje kuphela ukuzinzisa umhlaba, kodwa lukwasebenza njengomqobo wendalo ngokuchasene nokhukuliseko.
Ekugqibeleni, iingxoxo zibanjwa kwi uphuhliso lokhenketho oluzinzileyo, indlela efuna ukulungelelanisa ulondolozo lwendawo kunye nokuhamba kwabakhenkethi. Izikhokelo ezisemthethweni zenziwe ukufundisa iindwendwe malunga neempembelelo ezinokuthi zivelise kunye nesidingo sokulondoloza le ndawo.
Ukubaluleka kwenkcubeko kunye nezakhiwo zeMachu Picchu
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Ayisiyiyo kuphela imbono yezinto zakudala kubalulekile ukukhusela iMachu Picchu. Indawo ine a ukubaluleka kwenkcubeko kunye nomoya ayibalekiyo kwimpucuko yaseAndean. Uyilo lwesi sixeko lutyhila inzululwazi yezokwakha ephucukileyo, enezakhiwo ezilungelelaniswa ngokwamaxesha onyaka kunye neentshukumo zeenkwenkwezi.
Isixeko sase-Inca, esineendawo zezolimo kunye neenkqubo zomjelo wamanzi, asizange sibonelele ngokutya kuphela, kodwa sasikwaliziko lokujonga imigidi kunye nenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi. IThempeli leLanga, esinye sezona zakhiwo zemifuziselo, ivumela ukungena kwe-solstice ngefestile eqingqwe ngokuchanekileyo, ebonisa ukudibanisa kwe-Inca kunye nezithixo zabo zelanga.
Kwi 1983, I-UNESCO yabhengeza iMachu Picchu njengeNdawo yeLifa leHlabathi, iqonda ukubaluleka kwayo kwimbali nakwizakhiwo. Namhlanje, ihlala enye ye izimanga ezisixhenxe zehlabathi lanamhlanje, ukutsala izigidi zeendwendwe ngonyaka.
Impembelelo eya kuba nayo ilahleko yesi siza kwimbali nakwilifa lenkcubeko yehlabathi ayinakulinganiswa. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba amanyathelo okugcina angagcini nje kuphela, kodwa anyuswe ukuqinisekisa ukusinda kweMachu Picchu kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Ngelixa ukucwila kweMachu Picchu kukhathaza, kweli nqaku sibonile ukuba kukho izisombululo ezisebenzayo ezithi, kunye nolawulo lokhenketho olunoxanduva kunye nomzamo wehlabathi jikelele, unokunceda ukukhusela eli lifa lixabisekileyo kuluntu.