Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo: isitshixo kwikamva elilungeleleneyo
Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo luluvo esiluvileyo sonke, kodwa kunqabile ukuba siluqonde nzulu. Ngamafutshane, imalunga nokuphumeza uphuhliso olukwaziyo ukugcinwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngaphandle kokunciphisa ubutyebi bendalo okanye ukuncama umgangatho wobomi bezizukulwana ezizayo. Noko ke, njengakumagama amaninzi athandwayo, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kunokukhokelela ekugqwethekeni kwentsingiselo yawo yantlandlolo.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba yintoni uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokuba luyichaphazela njani imigaqo-nkqubo yehlabathi?
Imvelaphi yophuhliso oluzinzileyo
Ukususela ngeminyaka yee-1970, iingcali zaqalisa ukuqonda impembelelo embi eyenziwa ngabantu kwindalo. Iithiyori zaphuhliswa malunga nokulahleka kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokuba sesichengeni kwenkqubo yendalo. Njengoko uluntu lwalukhula ngokumandla kumanani abantu kunye nasekusetyenzisweni, kwaye kwacaca ukuba ubutyebi beplanethi bunokuphela, kwaye ukuxhaphazwa okuqhubekayo akuzange kugcinwe ixesha elide.
Isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali yophuhliso oluzinzileyo ibe kukupapashwa kwe Ingxelo yaseBrundtland Ngo-1987, ekuqaleni yayinomxholo othi “Ikamva Lethu Eliqhelekileyo.” Kule ngxelo, ekhuthazwa yi-UN World Commission on Environment and Development, uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwachazwa njengophuhliso oluhlangabezana neemfuno zangoku ngaphandle kokunciphisa amathuba okuba izizukulwana ezizayo zihlangabezane nazo.
Injongo yengxelo yaseBrundtland yayikukufumana izisombululo zokunqanda ukuwohloka kwendalo kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ngenxa yoko, izibophelelo zehlabathi ziye zavela ukujongana nemiba yokusingqongileyo kunye nentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho kwimisebenzi yethu.
Iimpawu zophuhliso oluzinzileyo
Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lusekelwe kwiintsika ezintathu ezisisiseko ekufuneka zilungelelaniswe ukuze kuphunyezwe imodeli yokukhula esebenzayo kwixesha elide. Zezi:
- Indalo: Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kobutyebi bendalo kunye nokuphepha ukuthotywa kwenkqubo yendalo.
- Uqoqosho: Ukukhula koqoqosho kuyimfuneko, kodwa kufuneka kusekelwe kumzekelo ongazixhaphazi kakhulu izinto zendalo okanye ukuvelisa ukungalingani okugqithisileyo.
- Uluntu: Uphuhliso loluntu nalo lubalulekile. Ukupheliswa kwentlupheko, ukulingana ngokwesini kunye nokubandakanywa koluntu yimiba ebalulekileyo yophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Imodeli yophuhliso oluzinzileyo kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba ezi ntsika zintathu zisebenza kunye kwaye ngendlela elinganayo. Ubuhlwempu, umzekelo, bunciphisa amathuba ophuhliso lwezoqoqosho, ngelixa ukungalingani kwezentlalo kuqhubekisela phambili ukuthotywa kwemekobume.
Ukuzinza koqoqosho, intlalo kunye nokusingqongileyo
Kulo mxholo, ilizwe ngalinye kufuneka lenze isakhelo sesenzo esivumela zombini uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kunye nokugcinwa kokusingqongileyo. Ayikokwenza ubutyebi nje kuphela, kodwa ukwenza oko ngeendlela ezingakhiphisi i-ikhosistim okanye ukwandisa ukungalingani kwezentlalo.
Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lucetywayo njengesisombululo kwiingxaki eziveliswa kukukhula okungenamkhawulo ukuba, njengoko sibonile kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, kuye kwakhokelela kwiingxaki ezifana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukutshatyalaliswa kweentlobo kunye nobuhlwempu obugqithisileyo kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi.
Uphuhliso loqoqosho olulungeleleneyo
Ukukhula koqoqosho akunakuqhubeka kusekelwe ekuxhatshazweni kwemithombo yobutyebi enesiphelo efana ne-oyile okanye amalahle, ekubeni ezi azipheleli nje kuphela, kodwa zikwavelisa ungcoliseko kwaye zinempembelelo embi kokusingqongileyo. Isisombululo kungo a inguqu ukuya kumandla ahlaziyekayo, njengelanga, umoya kunye ne-hydraulic, eyenza impembelelo encinci kwindalo kwaye ivumele uphuhliso olucocekileyo.
Kubalulekile ukuba amazwe aphumeze imigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho ekhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa obucocekileyo nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili. Olu tshintsho aluyi kukhuthaza uqoqosho oluzinzileyo kuphela, kodwa luya kuvelisa imisebenzi yohlaza, leyo inxulumene nokukhuselwa nokulondolozwa kwendalo.
Okwangoku, amandla avuselelekayo afumene ukuduma kwihlabathi jikelele, kodwa ukukhula kwawo akwanelanga ukuthatha indawo ngokupheleleyo yamafutha efosili. Utshintsho lwamandla luyimfuneko, kwaye kuphela ngokutshintsha kancinci ukuya kumzekelo osekelwe kumandla acocekileyo siya kuba nakho ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwexesha elide.
Imiba engundoqo yokusingqongileyo yophuhliso oluzinzileyo
Enye yeenkalo eziphawulekayo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo ngumbono walo wexesha elide. Akukhona nje ukufumana izisombululo ezikhawulezileyo kwiingxaki ezikhoyo, kodwa malunga nokudala iimeko eziqinisekisa impilo-ntle yezizukulwana ezizayo. Ukuphumeza oku, kuyimfuneko ukujongana nemiba ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo:
- Itshata yoMhlaba: Ikhutshwe njengesibophelelo sehlabathi kwiNgqungquthela yaseRio de Janeiro ngo-1992, i-Earth Charter iqulethe uluhlu lwemigaqo yokuziphatha kunye nemilinganiselo ejoliswe ukukhokela uluntu kwimodeli yophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
- Iyantlukwano yenkcubeko: I Isibhengezo seHlabathi liphela malunga neyantlukwano yenkcubeko (UNESCO, 2001) igxininisa ukubaluleka kokukhulisa iyantlukwano yenkcubeko, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba ukuqonda okupheleleyo kozinzo kufuneka kujongane nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo neyenkcubeko.
Iindidi zozinzo
Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lunokwahlulwa lube ziindidi ezintathu, ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo:
Ukuzinza kwezoqoqosho
Ibhekisa ekuphunyezweni kwemisebenzi ekhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho oluxhaswa luzinzo lwentlalo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Oko kukuthi, izigqibo zezoqoqosho zijoliswe ekukhuthazeni ukukhula ngaphandle kokuthomalalisa izibonelelo okanye izakhiwo zentlalo.
Ukuzinza kwezentlalo
Olu hlobo lozinzo lufuna ukuphelisa ukungalingani kwezentlalo, ukukhuthaza ukubambisana kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwabo bonke abantu. Iinjongo zokusingqongileyo kunye nezoqoqosho azinakufezekiswa ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo uluntu.
Ukugcinwa kwendalo
Mhlawumbi lolona hlobo luvunyiweyo lozinzo, njengoko lujolise kulondolozo lwendalo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ifuna ukwenza ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yendalo ihambelane nokugcinwa kwazo nokuvuselelwa kwazo, ukuphepha ukuncipha kwazo.
Unyino lophuhliso oluzinzileyo
Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba, nangona izibophelelo zamazwe ngamazwe, uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lujongene nemida emininzi. Kumazwe amaninzi asakhasayo, ukufakela ubugcisa obucocekileyo kubiza imali eninzi kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kube nzima ukwamkela kwabo.
Umzekelo, iplanti yamandla elanga ifuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo lokuqala, kwaye nangona inokuba nenzuzo ngakumbi ekuhambeni kwexesha, amazwe amaninzi awanayo imali efunekayo ukwenza olu tshintsho. Ngale ndlela, amazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo anoxanduva lokuxhasa inkxaso-mali yeeprojekthi ezizinzileyo kwimimandla ehluphekayo.
Uzinzo kwinkulungwane yama-21
Njengoko singena kwinkulungwane yama-2015, uzinzo luba yintsika eyimfuneko kuphuhliso lwehlabathi. Unyaka ka-XNUMX uphawule inqaku eliphambili ngokusungulwa kwe Iinjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo (SDG) kunye neSivumelwano saseParis, sigxininise ekunqandeni imiphumo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuqhubela phambili ekuzinzeni okukhulu.
Inkulungwane yama-21 ayiseyonto nje yokupha okanye ubizo, kodwa uzinzo lubandakanyiwe kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bale mihla, ukusuka kumaqumrhu amakhulu ukuya koorhulumente basekhaya. Ii-SDGs zibonelela ngesikhokelo esicacileyo sokuguqula uqoqosho lwethu kunye noluntu ukuya kwiimodeli ezizinzileyo.
Nangona iinjongo zisekude ukuba zifezekiswe ngokupheleleyo, ukuqhubela phambili kobuchwepheshe obunokuhlaziywa, ukwanda kokuqonda kwezentlalo kunye nemimiselo yamazwe ngamazwe ngumzekelo ocacileyo wokuba ukuzinza akuseyonto ikhethiweyo, kodwa kunokuba yinto eyimfuneko engenakuthintelwa ukuphepha ukuwohloka okungenakulungiseka kweplanethi.