Ingxoxo kwi ubomi bebhetri yokwenyani yeemoto zombane Kangangeminyaka, ubomi bebhetri buyeyona miqobo mikhulu ekufikeleleni kwinqanaba lokungakhuphi umbane. Uloyiko lokuba ibhetri iya kuncipha ngokukhawuleza, ilahlekelwe luluhlu lwayo kunye nexabiso lokuthengisa kwakhona, luye lwachaphazela kakhulu izigqibo zokuthenga zabantu kunye neenkampani.
Nangona kunjalo, idatha yakutshanje eqokelelwe eYurophu evela kuhlalutyo lwe iibhetri zezithuthi zombane ezingaphezulu kwama-24.000 Bazoba umfanekiso owahlukileyo kakhulu kunalowo bekucingwa ngaphambili. Izifundo ezisebenzisa amaqonga okujonga ukuhamba kunye neendawo zokujonga ukuhamba, ezifana neGeotab kunye neArval Mobility Observatory, zibonisa ukuba iibhetri zanamhlanje zibonisa ukuqina okukhulu kuneengcinga ezihlangeneyo ezibangelwa zizo.
Oko kuthethwa yidatha evela kwiibhetri zeemoto zombane ezingama-24.000
Ibhloko yokuqala enkulu yolwazi ivela kwi-example ukujonga iibhetri ezingama-24.000 kwihlabathi lokwenyani yezithuthi zombane, uninzi lwazo zihamba kwiindlela zaseYurophu. Uhlalutyo lugxile ekusebenzeni kwazo kule minyaka idlulileyo nakwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, ukusuka kwiinqanawa ezixineneyo ukuya kubaqhubi babucala.
Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba, emva kokuba malunga ukusetyenziswa iminyaka emithandathu okanye malunga neekhilomitha ezili-160.000 ezihanjiweyoUninzi lweebhetri lugcina ngaphezulu kwe-90% yamandla azo okusebenza. Ngamanye amazwi, nangona kukho ukulahleka komgama, aluyoyiki kangako kwaye aluyiphazamisi indlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenzisa imoto imihla ngemihla.
Ngokweengxelo zonyaka, ukwehla okuqhelekileyo kuphantse 1,8% ngonyaka wokusetyenziswaNgokwembono yeemayile, umyinge wokuguguleka usondele kwi-1% kwikhilomitha nganye ezingama-25.000 ezihanjiweyo, ngokutsho kophando olusekelwe kwizatifikethi zemeko yebhetri eziqokelelwe kumazwe ali-11 aseYurophu phakathi kowama-2023 nowama-2025.
Xa ziguqulelwa kumagama asebenzayo, la manani athetha ukuba imoto yombane yanamhlanje inokwenza kulula ukudlula iminyaka eli-12 okanye eli-15 yobomi obuluncedo ngaphambi kokuba ibhetri yayo yehle iye kumanqanaba omthamo athathwa njengothintelwayo ngokwenene ekusebenziseni imihla ngemihla, ingakumbi kwiindawo zasezidolophini okanye ezikufutshane nedolophu.
Umthamo ongaphezulu kwama-90% emva kweminyaka yokusetyenziswa kakhulu
Omnye wemiyalezo ephambili evela kule X-ray inkulu kukuba Iibhetri aziphelelwa ngokukhawuleza njengoko bekucingwa ngaphambili.Enyanisweni, uninzi lwezithuthi ezihlalutyiweyo ziyaqhubeka zibonisa amandla aphezulu kakhulu nasemva kokuba ziqokelelene iimayile, ezinxulunyaniswa nokuphela kobomi bazo kwimoto yenjini yomlilo.
Ngokwedatha, malunga Iikhilomitha ezingama-70.000 zihanjwe Ngokomndilili, iibhetri zigcina i-93% yomthamo wazo wokuqala. Kwaye okubaluleke kakhulu, emva kweekhilomitha ezili-160.000 okanye iminyaka emithandathu zisendleleni, uninzi lusagcina ngaphezulu kwe-90%.
Le ndlela yokuziphatha ixhasa ingcamango yokuba, kwisizukulwana sangoku sezithuthi zombane, Ibhetri yenzelwe ukuba ihlale phantse ubomi bonke bemoto.Ekubeni le nxalenye inokumela phakathi kwe-20% kunye ne-40% yexabiso lilonke lesithuthi, olu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu kwabo bajonga ngokusondeleyo ukuhlawulwa kwemali ixesha elide.
Ngaphezu koko, impilo entle yebhetri inegalelo ngokuthe ngqo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza. imbono yemarike yezixhobo zesibiniUkuza kuthi ga ngoku, enye yeengxaki ezinkulu kwimarike yeemoto zombane ezisetyenzisiweyo yayikukungaqiniseki malunga nobungakanani bokwenyani kunye neendleko zexesha elizayo zokutshintshwa kwebhetri enokwenzeka.
Ngobu bungqina obusekelwe kubungqina obukhoyo, isithuthi sombane esineekhilomitha ezili-160.000 Ayisayi kubonwa njengemveliso ekupheleni komjikelo wayo kwaye iba yindlela efanelekileyo yokuthenga, ingakumbi xa ithelekiswa nemoto yenjini yokutshisa enomgama ofanayo, enokonakala kakhulu kwaye izinto ezininzi zisengozini yokonakala.
Ulawulo kunye netekhnoloji yobushushu: izitshixo zokunciphisa ukuwohloka
Izifundo ezenziweyo azichazi nje kuphela ukulahleka kwamandla, kodwa zijonga izinto ezichaza ukuba kutheni ezinye iibhetri ziwohloka kancinci kunezinye. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kukuba ulawulo lobushushu benkqubo yebhetri.
Izithuthi ezixhotyiswe nge ifriji engamanzi Zibonisa amazinga aphantsi okuwohloka xa kuthelekiswa neemodeli ezindala okanye ezilula ezixhomekeke kuphela ekupholiseni komoya. Ingcaciso ikukhemikhali yeeseli ze-lithium-ion ngokwazo: ubushushu obugqithisileyo yenye yezona ntshaba zazo ziphambili kwaye bukhawulezisa iimpendulo eziwohloza ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri.
Ishishini leemoto lifunde kumava okuqala kweemoto zombane kwaye liye laya phambili ukwenziwa kwemigangatho yeenkqubo zobushushu ezisebenzayo ezigcina ibhetri ikwiqondo lobushushu elifanelekileyo. Olu phuculo lobunjineli lubonakala ngokucacileyo kumanani okugcinwa komthamo abonwe kwiimodeli zamva nje.
Kunye nolawulo lobushushu, izixhobo zombane kunye neenkqubo zolawulo ziye zaphucula kakhulu indlela elawulwa ngayo ukuhamba kwamandla. Iimoto zanamhlanje ziyakwazi lawula i-voltage kunye neencopho zangoku ngexesha lokutshaja nokukhupha i-charge, kunciphisa uxinzelelo oluphantsi kweeseli.
Konke oku kunegalelo kwinto yokuba ukuwohloka akusekho mfuneko okanye akusekho mfuneko yokuba kuqikelelwe njengoko kwakusoyikwa kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, nto leyo ebeka ibhetri kwinqanaba lokuthembeka elisondelelene nelezinye izinto eziphambili zesithuthi.
Imikhwa yokutshaja: Ngaba iitshaja ezikhawulezayo zenza umonakalo omkhulu kangaka?
Enye inkolelo exhaphakileyo phakathi kwabasebenzisi inxulumene nempembelelo ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kubomi bebhetriIngcamango yokuba ukuxhuma imoto rhoqo kwiitshaja ezinamandla aphezulu kuyayitshabalalisa ibhetri kwiminyaka embalwa isasazeke kakhulu, kodwa idatha eqokelelweyo iyayifanelekela kakhulu le mbono.
Uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunokukhawulezisa kancinci ukuwohloka. Ngokuphathelele ukutshaja okucothayo okanye okukhawulezayo kancinci, enyanisweni le mpembelelo ayibalulekanga njengoko bekucingwa ngaphambili. Isitshixo sikwindlela iinkqubo zolawulo lwebhetri ezilawula ngayo ubushushu kunye nokulungisa amandla ngokusekelwe kwimeko yokutshaja.
Iimoto zombane zanamhlanje zinezixhobo zombane ezikwaziyo ukwenza izinto lungisa ubungakanani bomthwalo Oku kuthintela ukugqithisa kakhulu kwaye kunciphisa uxinzelelo kwiiseli xa ibhetri igcwele kakhulu okanye ingenanto kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweetshaja ezikhawulezayo kuhlala kungaphakathi kwemida efanelekileyo yokuguguleka.
Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo eSpain okanye kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, dibanisa umthwalo oqhelekileyo ekhaya okanye emsebenzini Ngokusekelwe kwidatha, ukutshaja ngamanye amaxesha kwiindawo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kuhambo olude akufanele kube yingxaki enkulu kwimpilo yebhetri kwixesha eliphakathi nelide.
Nokuba kunjalo, iingcali ziyaqhubeka nokucebisa ezinye iindlela ezilula, ezifana nokuphepha ukugcina ibhetri kwi-100% okanye 0% ixesha elide, kunye nokubeka phambili ukutshaja kancinci xa kunokwenzeka, ukuze ukwandisa ubomi benkqubo.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa ibhetri yehla ngaphantsi kwe-80%: ubomi besibini
Ingxoxo malunga "nobomi obuluncedo" bebhetri idla ngokugxila kwixesha apho ibhetri umthamo uwela ngaphantsi kwama-70% okanye ama-80% xa kuthelekiswa neyokuqala. Ukususela ngelo xesha ukuya phambili, ukuzimela kusenokungabi lula kwezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa, ingakumbi ukuba uhambo olude lwenziwa rhoqo.
Kodwa ukufikelela kuloo mda akuthethi ukuba ibhetri ayisebenzi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ihlala ifanelekile ngokupheleleyo izicelo zokugcina amandla ezisisigxinaOku kwaziwa njengobomi besibini. Kwezi meko, iimfuno zamandla kunye noxinano lwamandla zahlukile kwezo zikwishishini leemoto.
EYurophu, inani elikhulayo leeprojekthi zamandla avuselelekayo, ii-microgrids, kunye neenkqubo zokuzisebenzisa zasekhaya zifunda ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ezivela kwizithuthi zombane abagqibe inqanaba labo lokuqala endleleni. Oku kuvumela ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi ngokupheleleyo kwaye kunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo enxulumene nomjikelo webhetri opheleleyo.
Ngaphezu koko, ithuba lokunika iibhetri ubomi besibini xa imoto ingasazidingi ngokupheleleyo linceda ukuphucula ibhalansi yezoqoqosho yetekhnoloji. Abavelisi kunye neenkampani zamandla bahlola iimodeli zoshishino apho iibhetri, emva kokusetyenziswa kwazo ezimotweni, zidityaniswa kwiinkqubo zokugcina igridi okanye izakhiwo.
Le ndlela yonke inegalelo ekuvaleni isangqa sokuhamba kombane, yandisa ukusetyenziswa kwento ethile, ngenxa yeendleko kunye nezixhobo, ekufuneka isetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo.
Iziqinisekiso zomenzi kunye nokuzithemba kwabathengi eYurophu
Iziphumo ezifunyenwe kuhlalutyo lweebhetri ezingama-24.000 azipheleli nje ekuthandeni kwezemfundo; zikwaphembelela indlela Abavelisi benza ubungakanani bewaranti zabo kunye nendlela abasebenzisi abayibona ngayo ingozi enxulumene nokuthenga imoto yombane.
Okwangoku, iintlobo ezininzi ezisebenza eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu zibonelela iwaranti yeminyaka esibhozo okanye iikhilomitha ezili-160.000 malunga nebhetri enamandla aphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba isithuthi siya kugcina ubuncinane ipesenti ethile yomthamo (malunga nama-70%) ngelo xesha.
Inyani yokuba idatha yokwenyani ibonisa ukugcina umthamo ngaphezulu kwe-90% Emva kwezo khilomitha zifanayo, oko kuthetha ukuba abavelisi basebenza ngomda omkhulu wokhuseleko. Ngamanye amazwi, iziqinisekiso azifikeleli koko uninzi lweebhetri lunokukwazi ukukunika kona xa lusebenza.
Lo msantsa ulungileyo uxhasa ingxoxo yokuba itekhnoloji ifikelele kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo lokuvuthwa kangangokuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, Ibhetri ayifanele ibe sisithende sayo se-Achilles. yesithuthi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, inokuba yindawo enamandla xa ithelekiswa neenjini zomlilo, ezifuna ukulungiswa ngakumbi kwaye zinezinto ezininzi ezinokuthi ziguge.
Njengoko olu lwazi lusanda ngakumbi kwimarike yaseYurophu, ukungafuni ngokwengqondo kwabathengi abaninzi Iqala ukunyamalala. Kubantu ngabanye nakwiinkampani ezinembono yexesha elide, ukuba nezibalo ezipheleleyo ngolu hlobo kubalulekile xa kusenziwa isigqibo sokuba batyale imali kwiinqwelo zombane okanye batshintshe izithuthi zabo ngemodeli engenakukhupha umbane.
Umthetho waseYurophu: izatifikethi kunye "nepasipoti yedijithali" yebhetri
Njengoko itekhnoloji iphucuka, isakhelo solawulo saseYurophu sithatha amanyathelo okufaka isandla ukucaca okukhulu kunye nokulandeleka Ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri. Ukususela ngo-2027, imithetho ye-European Union iya kufuna ukuba zonke iimoto zombane zibonise ngokucacileyo imeko yempilo yebhetri yazo kwisithuthi ngokwaso.
Esi salathisi, esaziwa ngokuba I-SOCE (Ilizwe laMandla aQinisekisiweyo)Oku kuya kuvumela umqhubi ukuba azi ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ingakanani na isithuthi esinayo xa sithelekiswa neenkcukacha zaso zokuqala. Oku kunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kuqikelelo oluqikelelweyo kwaye kubonelela ngomlinganiselo ochanekileyo xa kuxatyiswa ixabiso lemoto, nokuba intsha okanye isetyenzisiwe.
Ukongeza, ibhetri nganye iya kuba ne ipasipoti yedijithali eya kurekhoda imbali yayo: iipateni zokusetyenziswa, imijikelo yetshaja, ukwehla kwexabiso, kunye neziqinisekiso ezisemthethweni. Le rekhodi iya kwenza kube lula ukulandelela icandelo kulo lonke ixesha layo lobomi, kuquka ubomi besibini obunokubakho kwiinkqubo ezizinzileyo.
Kwimarike yeemoto ezisetyenzisiweyo, olu lawulo lunokuba lutshintsho olukhulu. izatifikethi ezisemgangathweni kunye nedatha eqinisekisiweyo Ulwazi malunga nempilo yebhetri luya kunceda ekunciphiseni ukungaqiniseki nokubeka amaxabiso ahambelana nenyani yemveliso, kuthintelwe ukuhla kwexabiso okungafanelekanga kunye nokulindela okungenasiseko.
Kwimeko apho ukufakelwa kombane kuqhubeka ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwilizwe laseYurophu, amanyathelo alolu hlobo angasebenza njengesixhobo sokusebenzisa ukukhawulezisa ukwamkelwa kweemoto zombanengokubonelela ngeziqinisekiso ezingaphezulu kubathengi, iinkampani zokuqeshisa kunye nabaqhubi beenqwelo-mafutha.
Impembelelo eSpain nakwezinye iindawo zaseYurophu
Kwiimarike ezifana neSpain, apho kusekho isilumkiso xa kufikwa ekutyala imali kwizithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo, ubungqina obuvela Amawaka eebhetri ajongwa eYurophu Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Iimeko zokusetyenziswa, imozulu ephakathi, kunye neepatheni zokuhambahamba kulo lonke ilizwe zilungele ukuba iibhetri zigcine ukusebenza okufana noko kubonwe kwizifundo.
Kwiinkampani ezineenqanawa ezisasazeke kumazwe ahlukeneyo aseYurophu, olu lwazi lunceda ekwenzeni izigqibo malunga ukuhlaziywa kwezithuthi, iikhontrakthi zokuqeshisa kunye nexabiso eliseleyoUkwazi ukuba ibhetri iyakwazi ukumelana nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye igcina amandla angaphezu kwama-90% emva kweminyaka yokusebenza kuvumela ukuba ucwangcise ngaphandle komngcipheko wezezimali.
Ngaphezu koko, ukuzithemba okuphuculweyo ekuqineni kwebhetri kunokunceda imakethi yeemoto zombane ezisetyenzisiweyo ESpain, apho kude kube ngoku ishiywe emva kwamanye amazwe akumantla Yurophu, ukuthandwa kwezi zithuthi zisetyenzisiweyo kuyanda xa amathandabuzo malunga nempilo yebhetri elungisiwe ngedatha echanekileyo.
Kwinqanaba leziko, iziphumo zokuqina kakuhle kweebhetri ziyayixhasa Imigaqo-nkqubo yaseYurophu yokususa icarbonization kwezothuthoBachitha enye yeengxoxo eziphambili ezingathandabuzekiyo: ukuba iimoto zombane ziya kuphelelwa lixesha ngokukhawuleza. Ngobomi obude kunye neendlela ezicacileyo zobomi besibini, ulungelelwaniso lokusingqongileyo kunye noqoqosho lokufakelwa kombane luphucuka kakhulu.
Konke oku kunegalelo ekubeni imoto yombane ingasabonwa njengokubheja okuyingozi, kodwa njengokhetho olufanelekileyo. enye indlela evuthiweyo yokuhambahamba kwemihla ngemihla eSpain nakwamanye amazwe e-European Union, kokubini kubantu ngabanye nakwiinkampani kunye nolawulo lukarhulumente.
Umfanekiso odwetshwe zezi zifundo kwiibhetri zeemoto zombane ezingama-24.000 ucacisa ukuba ukuwohloka akuseyonto abantu abaninzi abayicingayo: indibaniselwano yobunjineli obungcono, ulawulo olucokisekileyo lobushushu, imikhwa yokutshaja eqondakalayo, kunye nemigangatho emitsha yokucaca yaseYurophu ibeka isiseko semeko apho ibhetri ihlala ixesha elide kunemoto ngokwayo, ivula ucango lwemarike eqinileyo neqikelelweyo yezithuthi zombane ezintsha nezisetyenzisiweyo.
