Kwihlabathi lamandla ahlaziyekayo, zimbini iindlela eziphambili zokuvelisa: amandla elanga kunye amandla omoya. Ngelixa amandla elanga aguqula imitha yelanga ibe ngamandla ombane ngokusebenzisa iipaneli zelanga, amandla omoya agxile ekusebenzisaneni amandla omoya ngee turbines zomoya. Ezi zixhobo zibalulekile ekuguquleni amandla e-kinetic omoya abe ngamandla ombane asebenzisekayo.
Los oomatshini bomoya Zintsonkothile kuyilo lwazo kwaye zifuna izifundo zangaphambili zokuqinisekisa ukuba ukufakwa kwazo kunenzuzo kwaye kuyasebenza. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwepheshe obunxulumene nee turbines zomoya, ezohluka ngokokusetyenziswa kwazo kunye nomthamo wokuvelisa umbane. Kweli nqaku uya kufunda ngokweenkcukacha yonke into enxulumene nee-injini zomoya.
Iimpawu zomoya ovuthuzayo
Iiinjini zomoya ziyaguquka amandla kinetic omoya kumandla ombane ngeencakuba ezijikeleza ngokubulela kumandla omoya. Ezi blades zinokujikeleza phakathi I-13 kunye ne-20 revolutions ngomzuzu (rpm), ngokuxhomekeke kwiteknoloji yeinjini yomoya kunye nesantya somoya ngamaxesha onke. Izixhobo zee-blades nazo zinefuthe kwisantya sokujikeleza; Amagqabi alula athanda ukujikeleza ngokukhawuleza.
Isantya esithe kratya iiblades zifumana, kokukhona ubuninzi bamandla aveliswa yiinjini yomoya, eyonyusa ngempumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqala isixhobo kwindawo yokuqala, amandla ancedisayo ayafuneka. Nje ukuba isetyenziswe, umoya uba ngowona mqhubi wokujikeleziswa kweencakuba.
Enye yezona zinto ziqaphelekayo kwiiinjini zomoya zizo Ubomi obude obuluncedo, egqithayo 25 iminyaka. Nangona iindleko zofakelo kunye nexabiso lokuqala linokuba phezulu, ixesha elide lokusebenza livumela utyalo-mali ukuba luhlawulwe kwaye luvelise inzuzo yezoqoqosho. Ngaphezu koko, ekubeni ingamandla acocekileyo, inegalelo kwi ukuncitshiswa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo ezingcolisayo kunye nokucuthwa kokusetyenziswa kwamafutha efosili.
Inkqubela phambili kubuchwepheshe ayikhulisanga nje ubomi obuluncedo beeinjini zomoya, kodwa izenze zasebenza ngakumbi, ziququzelela ukufakwa kwazo kwiindawo ezilunge ngakumbi ukwandisa ukubanjwa kwamandla omoya.
Ukusebenza
Inkqubo yokuguqulwa kwamandla kwi-injini yomoya iqhutywa kwizigaba ezininzi, ngasinye singundoqo ekuguquleni amandla omoya abe ngumbane:
- Uqhelaniso oluzenzekelayo: I-injini yomoya iziqhelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo ukwenza amandla omoya amaninzi. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yedatha erekhodwe yi-vane kunye ne-anemometer, evumela ukuba i-nacelle ijikeleze ngendlela echanekileyo.
- Ukujikeleza kweBlade: Xa umoya ufikelela kwisantya esimalunga ne-3,5 m/s, iqalisa ukujikelezisa amagqabi. Ukwandisa ukuveliswa kwamandla, isantya somoya esifanelekileyo yi-11 m/s. Ukuba esi santya sidlula i-25 m/s, iiblades zibekwe kwindawo yeflegi ukuthintela ukuxinezeleka okugqithisileyo kunye nokuqhawuka kwenkqubo.
- Ukuphindaphinda: Ukujikeleza kwe-rotor kuqhuba i-shaft epholileyo eyandisa isantya sayo ukusuka kwi-13 rpm ukuya malunga ne-1.500 rpm usebenzisa i-multiplier.
- Isizukulwana: Amandla ajikelezayo adluliselwa kwi-generator, apho aguqulwa abe ngumbane.
- Ukufuduka: Umbane oveliswayo uthuthwa ngenqaba ukuya kwisitishi esingaphantsi, apho umbane wawo uphakanyiswe ngaphambi kokuba ufakwe kwigridi yombane ukuze usasazwe kwiindawo zokusetyenziswa.
- Ukubeka iliso: Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba i-injini yomoya isebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zibekwe esweni ngokusisigxina kwi-substation kunye neziko lolawulo, elivumela ukuba iziganeko ezinokwenzeka ukuba zibonwe kwaye zisonjululwe ngokukhawuleza.
Iindidi zeeinjini zomoya
Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zee-injini zomoya, ezihlelwe ngokwe-rotor axis okanye amandla abanokubonelela ngawo.
Ngokutsho kwe-axis axis
I-axis ethe nkqo
Olu hlobo lweinjini yomoya luyi umkhombandlela kwaye ayifuni iinkqubo zokuqhelanisa, eyenza ukufakela kunye nokugcinwa kube lula. Ukongeza, iinxalenye zayo ezifana nejenereyitha kunye ne-multiplier zigungxulwa phantsi, okwenza kube lula ukwakhiwa kwayo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko. Nangona kunjalo, ukusilela kwayo okuphambili kukuba Banokusebenza okuphantsi kunezo zine-axis ethe tye kwaye zifuna iinkqubo zangaphandle ukuqalisa ukujikeleza kwee-blades.
I-axis ethe tye
Iiinjini zomoya i-axis ethe tye Zezona ziqhelekileyo kwaye zisebenza kakuhle. Uyilo lwayo luvumela isantya esiphezulu sokujikeleza ukuba sifezekiswe kwaye, ngoko ke, kufuna ukuphindaphinda okuncinci kweenguqu. Ngaphezu koko, ngokuba mde, bayakwazi ukusebenzisa kakuhle amandla omoya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.
Ngokwamandla ebonelelweyo
Ukusebenza kwe anikwe amandla, iiinjini zomoya zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezintathu:
- Amandla aphantsi: Banikezela ngamandla ukuya kuthi ga 50 kW kwaye zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifana nokumpompa amanzi okanye unikezelo lombane kwiindawo ezikwanti.
- Isiqingatha samandla: Bakuluhlu lwe 150 kW kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukubonelela amandla kwigridi emaphandleni okanye kwiindawo ezikwanti.
- Amandla phezulu: Banika amandla kwisikali sorhwebo kwaye imveliso yabo inokufikelela iigigawati ezininzi.
Namhlanje, izixhobo ezinamandla kakhulu zezona zisetyenziswa kwiifama zomoya ukuvelisa umbane ngokufanelekileyo kunye noqoqosho, igalelo ekulweni nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Icandelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo liyaqhubeka nokuguquka, liqhutywa yimfuneko yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Iiinjini zomoya, ngokukodwa, zibone inkqubela phambili enkulu yezobuchwepheshe, ezivumela ukuba zenze umbane omninzi kwaye zibe nobomi obude. Ngolu lwazi, uya kuyiqonda ngcono indlela iiinjini zomoya ezisebenza ngayo kunye nendima yazo ephambili kwikamva lamandla acocekileyo.