Ukwandiswa kwezolimo ngoyena nobangela uphambili we ukugawulwa kwamahlathi emhlabeni. Amasimi esundu oyile, ukuveliswa kwezityalo zokondla izilwanyana, nokumbiwa kwezimbiwa ezixabisekileyo nezimbiwa zezona zinto zibangela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Abalimi abaninzi abancinci, abahluphekayo nabahambahambayo nabo babandakanyeka ekugawulweni kwamahlathi ngokutshiswa amahlathi ukubanakho ukuhlwayela umhlaba omncinci.
Umzekelo, ngaphakathi Brasil, amahlathi aphambili atshatyalalisiwe ukukhulisa iimbotyi zesoya ezondla imfuyo, kunye nommoba ukuvelisa i-bioethanol, ngelixa Indoneshiya, amasimi ayagawulwa ukuze kutyalwe imithi yesundu evelisa i-oyile, ethi izikhusele iimveliso zevenkile ezinkulu kwaye inokondla iimoto kungekudala.
La ukwanda kwezolimo Kukwasisiphumo esithe ngqo sokwanda kwabemi behlabathi. Njengoko abantu abangakumbi befuna ukutya nemveliso yezolimo, ingcinezelo kwimimandla yamahlathi iyanda, nto leyo efak’ isandla ekunyamaleleni kwezigidi zeehektare zamahlathi nyaka ngamnye.
Ukukhutshwa kwezibaso
Enye into eyenza kube mandundu ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kukukhutshwa kwe petroleum kunye negesi. Kwiindawo ezininzi ezinamahlathi ehlabathi, ukufuna ubutyebi befosili kubangela ukuba imimandla emikhulu yamahlathi itshatyalaliswe ukuze kube lula ukuxhatshazwa nokufakwa kwemibhobho. Ukuvuza kwe-oyile, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentlabathi yetela, yongeza impembelelo etshabalalisayo yokusingqongileyo, echaphazela zombini izityalo nezilwanyana zale mimandla.
Kwiindawo ezininzi, iindlela kunye nezinye iziseko zamandla zakhiwa phakathi kwamahlathi angekabinamsebenzi, nto leyo engenazo iimpembelelo ezithe ngqo kwi-ikhosistim, kodwa ivula nokufikelela kwezinye ii-arhente ezitshabalalisayo, njengabagawuli bemithi ngokungekho mthethweni, ukuba bangene kwezi ndawo zendalo.
Ukugawulwa ngokungekho mthethweni
La ukugawulwa ngokungekho mthethweni Ngomnye unobangela osisiseko wokugawulwa kwamahlathi ehlabathini lonke. Amahlathi ashinyeneyo aseAmazon, kuMbindi Afrika nakumazantsi-mpuma eAsia ngawona achaphazeleka ngolu hlobo lwemisebenzi engekho mthethweni. EYurophu, malunga nekota yemithi ethengwa kwamanye amazwe iphuma kwimithombo engekho mthethweni, yaye kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwama-50 nama-90 ekhulwini okusetyenziswa kwamahlathi kumazwe akweleenjiko kunxulunyaniswa nolwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo.
Oku kuxhaphaza ngokungekho mthethweni akugrogrisi nje kuphela i-ikhosistim, kodwa kukwanegalelo kurhwaphilizo, ulwaphulo-mthetho olucwangcisiweyo kunye nentlupheko kwiindawo ezininzi ezichaphazelekayo. Ilahleko yengeniso yoorhulumente ngenxa yezi zenzo iqikelelwa njengenkulu, ikhukulisa imithombo yobutyebi enokuthi ityalwe kwiziseko ezingundoqo kunye nempilo yabantu basekuhlaleni.
Ukuphulukana kwendalo
Los amahlathi Zezona ntlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo emhlabeni, ezihlala ngaphezu kwe-80% yezidalwa ezisemhlabeni, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Nyaka ngamnye, amawaka eehektare zamahlathi ayagawulwa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kweentlobo zezityalo ezingama-27,000 XNUMX ngonyaka, ngokutsho kohlolisiso oluthile.
Abalahlekileyo be izinto ezahlukeneyo zenzululwaziNgaphaya kokuba yintlekele yendalo, ikwanefuthe kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Uluntu oluninzi luxhomekeke kwindalo yamahlathi ngokutya, amayeza nobunye ubuncwane. Kwinqanaba lehlabathi, ukunyamalala kweentlobo zezityalo kunokuba nefuthe le-domino kwiinkqubo zokutya, ukongeza ekunciphiseni ukufumaneka kweekhompawundi ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa kwishishini lamayeza.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu
Amahlathi yenye ye iisinki zekhabhoni eziphambili yeplanethi. Ngenkqubo yephotosynthesis, imithi ifunxa ikharbon diokside (CO2) ize iyigcine, inceda ukuthomalalisa utshintsho lwemozulu. Noko ke, xa amahlathi egawulwa okanye etshiswa, yonke loo carbon ibuyela emoyeni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho iigesi ze<em>greenhouse.
Malunga ne-11% yezinto ezikhutshwayo ze-CO2 zehlabathi zivela ngokuthe ngqo ekugawulweni kwamahlathi, njengoko ilahleko yehlathi ayikhuphi nje ikhabhoni kodwa ikwanciphisa amandla eplanethi okufunxa izinto ezikhutshwayo ezintsha. Oku kukhawulezisa imiphumo yokutshintsha kwemozulu, kubangela ubushushu obugqithisileyo, utshintsho kwiindlela zokuna kwemvula kunye nokwanda kokuphindaphindeka kweziganeko zemozulu ezibi kakhulu, ezifana nezaqhwithi kunye nezikhukhula.
Izisombululo zokunqanda ukugawulwa kwamahlathi
Nangona amazinga okutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi ehlile kancinane kweminye imimandla, umlo wokunqanda ukulahleka kwamahlathi usangxamisekile. Ingxelo ye-WWF icebisa ukuncipha kwe-10% ngonyaka kumazinga okutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zolondolozo lwehlabathi ngo-2030.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi: Ukutyala imithi kwiindawo ebezigawulwe ngaphambili yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokubuyisela inkqubo yendalo eyonakeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iintlobo zezityalo ezityalwayo zezendalo kwaye zixhamla kwizinto eziphilayo zasekuhlaleni.
- Imveliso ezinzileyo: Abathengi bakwadlala indima ephambili ekucombululeni le ngxaki. Thenga iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo eziqinisekisa izenzo ezizinzileyo kunye ukugawulwa kwamahlathi simahla inokunceda ukunciphisa imfuno yeemveliso ezivela kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo.
- Imfundo nokwazisa: Ukwazisa abantu ngokubaluleka kwamahlathi ukuze siphile kubalulekile. Imikhankaso yokwazisa yehlabathi inokuvelisa utshintsho kwiingqondo kunye nemikhwa yabathengi.
Ekugqibeleni, kucacile ukuba ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuyingxaki ebanzi efuna isisombululo esihlangeneyo phakathi koorhulumente, iinkampani kunye nabemi. Ukubuyisela indalo yamahlathi kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiimveliso ezivelisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi zizicwangciso eziphambili zokuqinisekisa ikamva elizinzileyo.