Enye yeentandabuzo ezinkulu xa kuqwalaselwa ukufakwa kweepaneli zelanga lixesha labo. ukuqonda i ubomi obuluncedo beepaneli zelanga Kubalulekile ukubala imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali kunye nokucwangcisa ukugcinwa kwayo. Nangona ubomi obuncedo bepaneli yelanga ngokuqhelekileyo buthathwa njengeminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30, oku akuthethi ukuba iipaneli ziyayeka ukusebenza ekupheleni kweli xesha. Nangona kunjalo, luphawu lokuba angakanani amandla abanokuwavelisa ngokufanelekileyo ngaloo minyaka.
Kule nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa oko kuchaphazela ubomi obuncedo beepaneli zelanga kwaye zeziphi izinto ezichaphazela ukuthotywa kwazo. Siza kujonga ukuba ungakwandisa njani ukuqina kwayo, siqinisekise ukuba utyalo-mali lwakho lunengeniso kangangoko kwixesha elide.
Bubuphi ubomi obuluncedo beepaneli zelanga?
Ukuqonda ngcono iindleko kunye nembuyekezo kutyalo-mali lwenkqubo yamandla elanga, kubalulekile ukucaca malunga nokuba iipaneli ziya kuhlala ixesha elingakanani. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, Ubomi obuluncedo obuqhelekileyo beepaneli zelanga bumalunga nama-25 ukuya kuma-30 eminyaka.. Nangona kunjalo, oku kubonisa kuphela ixesha apho abavelisi baqinisekisa ukuba iipaneli ziya kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kufutshane nenqanaba labo lokuqala. Emva kweli xesha, iipaneli aziyi kuyeka ukusebenza, kodwa amandla azo okuvelisa umbane aya kuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe.
Oku kuncitshiswa kwemveliso yamandla kuqhelekileyo kwaye kubangelwa ukuthotywa kwezinto ezenza iipaneli. Nangona iipaneli ziya kuqhubeka nokuvelisa amandla iminyaka emininzi ngaphaya koqikelelo lobomi babo obuluncedo, umthamo wamandla uya kuba ngaphantsi.
Inkalo ephambili kukuba iipaneli ze-photovoltaic azikho iindawo ezihambayo, ezinciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuhluleka komatshini. Umonakalo udla ngokubangelwa zizinto zangaphandle ezifana nezaqhwithi, isichotho, okanye ukufakwa ngokungafanelekanga.
Iimbangela zokuthotywa kweepaneli zelanga
Into ephambili echaphazela ukuqina kwepaneli yelanga yinto eyaziwa ngokuba izinga lokuthotywa. Oku kubonisa ipesenti yokusebenza apho iqela lolawulo eliphulukene nalo kunyaka ngamnye lisebenza. Okwangoku, inqanaba lokuthotywa eliqhelekileyo lephaneli yelanga lijikeleze i-0,5% ngonyaka, elilingana nokuncipha kwe-12,5% ekusebenzeni kwayo emva kweminyaka engama-25.
Uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo lubonisa ukuba iimeko ezithile zinokukhawuleza le nkqubo:
- Ukugqatswa lilanga ngokugqithisileyo: Nangona iiphaneli zenzelwe ukumelana nemitha yelanga, ukuvezwa kakhulu kwimitha yeultraviolet kunokukhawulezisa ukuwohloka.
- Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu: Ukushisa okugqithisileyo okanye ukutshitshiswa kwe-thermal kunokubangela i-microcracks kwiiseli zelanga, ezikhokelela ekunciphiseni amandla abo okuvelisa umbane.
- Microcracks kunye neziphene: Ukuqhekeka okuncinci okwenzeka ngexesha lokuthutha, ukufakwa okanye ngenxa yeemeko ezimbi kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwepaneli ngexesha.
Ngombulelo kwinkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe, iiphaneli zanamhlanje zinezinga eliphantsi lokuthotywa kuneemodeli ezindala. Ngokomzekelo, iipaneli ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezenziwe kwiminyaka yamuva zinokulahlekelwa kuphela yi-0,3% ukuya kwi-0,5% ekusebenzeni kakuhle ngonyaka.
Iiphaneli zelanga ezizinzileyo: Ixesha lokubuyisela amandla (EPBT)
Ukongeza ekubeni ngumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo, iiphaneli zelanga nazo zizinzileyo ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga umjikelo wabo wobomi. Yena EPBT (Ixesha lokuFumana amandla) Yingcamango ebaluleke ngakumbi xa uthetha ngozinzo. Esi salathisi silinganisa ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani iphaneli ukuvelisa umthamo wamandla asetyenzisiweyo ukuwenza.
Okwangoku, i-EPBT yeepaneli zelanga iphantsi kakhulu, malunga ne-1-3 iminyaka. Oku kuthetha ukuba iiphaneli zelanga zivelisa isixa esaneleyo sombane ukukhawulelana nenkcitho yamandla okwenziwa kwazo ngelo xesha, kwaye yonke into abayivelisayo ukusukela ngoko kuyinzuzo eshiyekileyo kokusingqongileyo. Yiyo loo nto, nangona ubomi obuluncedo beepaneli bumalunga nama-25 okanye ama-30 eminyaka, isixa samandla abawavelisayo ngexesha lobomi babo obuluncedo budlula kude izibonelelo ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso yazo.
Indlela yokwandisa ubomi obuncedo beepaneli zelanga
Iiphaneli zelanga, ngokubanzi, zizixhobo ezihlala ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imilinganiselo emininzi onokuthi uyithathe ukwandisa ubomi babo obude kwaye uqinisekise ukuba bayaligcina inqanaba labo lokusebenza ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Gcina iiphaneli zelanga zicocekile
Enye yezinto ezichaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwepaneli yelanga kukucoceka kwendawo yayo. Ukwakhiwa kothuli, amagqabi, kunye nobunye ubumdaka bunokuthintela ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nokunciphisa umthamo wamandla anokuvelisa ipaneli. Ukucoca iiphaneli zakho ubuncinci kanye ngonyaka, okanye ngaphezulu ukuba uhlala kwindawo enongcoliseko oluninzi okanye uthuli, kunokuba yindlela entle yokugcina ukusebenza kwabo kulungileyo.
Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mithi emikhulu okanye izinto ezivelisa izithunzi kwiipaneli, njengoko oku kunganciphisi kuphela amandla abo okuvelisa, kodwa kunokubangela ukugqoka kwangaphambili.
Yenza uhlolo ngamaxesha
Ukuba nengcali ejongene nokujonga isixokelelwano sakho selanga rhoqo kubalulekile ukufumanisa iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zibe ziintsilelo ezinkulu. I-installer eqinisekisiweyo iya kukwazi ukubona i-microcracks, uxhulumaniso olukhululekile okanye iintambo eziveziweyo ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yonke.
Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunokuvavanya kwakhona ukusebenza kwee-inverters, enye inxalenye ephambili yenkqubo yelanga ehlala ifuna ingqwalasela engakumbi ekubeni ubomi babo bufutshane kuneepaneli.
Itekhnoloji entsha yokwandisa ubomi beepaneli zelanga
Ngombulelo kwinkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe ngokukhawuleza, namhlanje kukho izisombululo ezitsha ezivumela iipaneli zelanga ukuba zihlale ixesha elide kunezizukulwana zangaphambili. Umzekelo wamva nje ngu Itekhnoloji yeseli yohlobo lwe-N, echasene kakhulu nokuthotywa kwe-light-induced degradation (LID) xa kuthelekiswa nohlobo lweeseli ze-P, eziqhelekileyo ngoku.
Ukongeza, iipaneli zelanga nazo ziyilelwe ukuba zimelane ngcono nemekobume erhabaxa, ngoko ke nakwiindawo ezinemozulu embi kakhulu, izizukulwana ezitsha zeepaneli zelanga zibonisa ukuthembeka okukhulu kunye nobomi.
Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo ekusebenzeni kunye nokuqina kwezinto eziphathekayo, iipaneli zelanga zexesha elizayo aziyi kuvelisa kuphela amandla amaninzi, kodwa ziya kwenza oko ixesha elide, zinciphisa ngakumbi iindleko ezinxulumene nokutshintshwa kunye nokuphucula.
Iziqinisekiso zabavelisi
Inkalo ebalulekileyo engafanele ihoywe xa ufaka iipaneli zelanga kukuqinisekisa ukuba umenzi unikezela isiqinisekiso esiqinileyo. Iziqinisekiso zihlala zohlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini:
- Isiqinisekiso seMveliso: Ibandakanya iziphene kwimveliso kwaye ihlala phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-12 iminyaka.
- Isiqinisekiso sokuSebenza: Iqinisekisa ukuba iiphaneli ziya kugcina ubuncinane i-80% yomthamo wabo wokuvelisa iminyaka eyi-25-30.
Ukukhetha umenzi onikezela ngeziqinisekiso ezibanzi luphawu oluhle lokuba imveliso yenzelwe ukuhlala ixesha elide. Ukongeza, ukuba nayiphi na inxalenye yenkqubo ibinokusilela, ukuba newaranti elungileyo kunokongela iindleko ezininzi ezizayo.
Okokugqibela, khumbula ukuba ukugcina inkqubo yakho ikwimeko entle ngokuhlolwa ngamaxesha athile kunye nokucoca akuphuculi nje ukusebenza kwayo kwangoku, kodwa kunokwandisa ubomi beepaneli ngaphaya koko kukhankanywa ziziqinisekiso.
Iiphaneli zelanga ziyaqhubeka ukuba ngomnye wotyalo-mali olungcono lwexesha elide kuqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngokugcinwa okufanelekileyo, ezi zinokuqhubeka nokuvelisa umbane ixesha elide emva kokuba "ubomi" babo obuqinisekisiweyo buphelile, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inzuzo kwiminyaka emininzi.