I-Tarragona ikhuthaza umanyano lwezibuko lwamandla omoya ahambahambayo olwandle
I-Tarragona idibana namazibuko aseFransi nase-Itali ukuze ilungelelanise umoya ohambahambayo olwandle kwiMeditera kwaye ibambe amathuba emizi-mveliso.
I-Tarragona idibana namazibuko aseFransi nase-Itali ukuze ilungelelanise umoya ohambahambayo olwandle kwiMeditera kwaye ibambe amathuba emizi-mveliso.
Amandla omoya ahambahambayo ongeza i-152 GW kwipotifoliyo yayo, iCastellón ilungiselela isikhungo semizi-mveliso, kwaye eli candelo lijonge ukunciphisa iindleko ngokulungelelanisa kunye nokuxhasa ngemali.
I-Tordesillas ifumana iMbasa ye-Eolo ngokudibana kwayo ngempumelelo kwamandla omoya nezolimo, ukulima imfuyo, kunye nelifa. Siza kukuxelela izinto ezibalulekileyo.
Icandelo lamandla omoya lifuna iigridi ezingaphezulu, imixokelelwane yokubonelela, kunye nokuqinisekiswa komthetho ukuze kuqiniswe indima yalo eYurophu naseSpain. Amanqaku aphambili engxoxo kunye nemingeni ejongene neli candelo.
Uhlalutyo lwecandelo lamandla omoya eSpain naseYurophu: amandla, izoyikiso ezivela eTshayina, iingxabano zokuloba kunye nenkqubela phambili kwimveliso entsha kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto ezibumba ikamva layo.
Fumanisa indlela ezisebenza ngayo iiturbine zomoya kunye notshintsho lweeturbine zomoya ezibhabhayo ezibamba imimoya yestratosphere ukuze ivelise amandla.
I-China iqinisekisa i-aerostat ye-wind turbine kwiimitha ezingama-4.000, kwaye iJamani ifake i-rotor ende kwihlabathi, kwiimitha ezingama-365. Amandla omoya aphezulu ayaqala ukusebenza.
I-Naturgy iza kuhlaziya iifama zomoya ezintandathu ngotyalo-mali lwezigidi ezingama-330: iza kusuka kwiiturbine zomoya ezingama-274 ukuya kuma-40, yongeze iibhetri kwaye yonyuse imveliso yayo nge-75%.
Sihlalutya ukunyuka komoya ophaphazelayo olwandle eSpain, ngeprojekthi ye-PLEMCAT eCatalonia, uphando lwe-PESCAEOLO, kunye nemibhikisho yasekuhlaleni. Ngaba sijongene nekamva elivuselelekayo okanye ingxabano yokusingqongileyo?
Fumanisa indlela i-Itali etshintsha ngayo umxube wayo wamandla kunye neefama zomoya ezisebenza elunxwemeni nangaphandle kolwandle. Iinyani, iinkampani eziphambili, kunye nezicwangciso zexesha elizayo.
Icandelo lamandla omoya laseYurophu kulindeleke ukuba likhule nge-30% ngo-2026, kunye neJamani ehamba phambili kunye notyalo-mali olutsha oluvela kwi-Amazon eSweden. Fumanisa idatha kunye nezinto ezintsha.
I-SEA-LIFT, ubuchwepheshe obuvela eCantabria obuvumela ukufakwa kweeturbine zomoya ezidadayo ezingaphezu kwama-20 MW kunxweme lwaseSpain, kunye notyalo-mali lwe-Iberdrola kunye nokukhuthaza umoya waseYurophu osuka elwandle.
Umoya ohambahambayo osuka elwandle, utyalo-mali olukhulu kunye nomoya omncinci wasezidolophini: le yindlela eguqulwa ngayo imephu yamandla omoya eSpain naseYurophu.
Ifama enkulu yomoya e-Iberdrola engaphandle kolwandle iyaqhubeka: kufakwe iziseko ezingama-95, amandla kunye ne-1,4 GW yamakhaya ayi-1,3 yezigidi.
Inkampani yaseBasque iHaizea Wind Group igqibile ukuhanjiswa kwee-monopiles ezinkulu ezenziwe eSpain kwifama yomoya iHornsea 3 yaseØrsted, isiganeko esibalulekileyo esiqinisa ubunkokeli bezoshishino baseYurophu kwimveliso yomoya engaphandle kolwandle.
INavarre iza kuba likhaya lesityalo sokuqala sorhwebo seeblade ze-wind turbine ezenziwe ngomthi osetyenzisiweyo. Utyalo-mali lwe-€100 yezigidi, imisebenzi engama-450, kunye nesisombululo kwingxaki yenkunkuma ye-wind turbine.
Amandla omoya aseYurophu aphesheya kolwandle ayakhawuleza ngamabhaso eDenmark, ii-monopiles eziphula irekhodi eBilbao, ii-turbines zomoya ezidadayo kwiZiqithi zaseCanary, kunye nokuqhubela phambili ekuhanjisweni kwe-HVDC. Zonke iindaba zamva nje ezivela kweli candelo.
UMphathiswa wezoTshintsho lweNdalo kunye noMngeni woLuntu (i-MITECO) usasaza i-€612 yezigidi ngoncedo lokuhlaziya iifama zomoya kunye nombane wamanzi ezili-173. Funda ngeeprojekthi, amaxesha, kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo ze-REPOTEN 2.
Inkampani yaseSpain iCox inikwe isivumelwano seminyaka engama-20 sokubonelela ngombane womoya ePanama esixabisa ngaphezulu kwe-$350 yezigidi. Iprojekthi yeSanta Cruz Wind iza kuxhasa amandla acocekileyo angama-68.4 MW.
Inkampani yaseSpain iCox iphumelele isivumelwano seminyaka engama-20, esixabisa i-$350 yezigidi samandla omoya ePanama. Iinkcukacha zeprojekthi yeSanta Cruz Wind.
IGalp ifumene amandla omoya angama-361 MW evela kwi-Acciona, iStatkraft ifaka iibhetri eNavarre, kwaye eli candelo likhula ngenkxaso yolawulo. Fumanisa iinkalo eziphambili zamandla omoya eSpain.
Icandelo lamandla omoya kwihlabathi liphela liyaqhubeka nokukhula, iYurophu neSpain zikhokela indlela. Fumanisa iindlela zamva nje, utyalo-mali, kunye neeprojekthi ezibumba ikamva lamandla omoya.
Amandla omoya eSpain ajongene nomceli mngeni wokuhlaziya iifama zomoya ezindala kunye nokongeza indawo yokugcina iibhetri. Iiprojekthi ezifana neStatkraft's eNavarre zivula indlela yenkqubo esebenza ngcono nevuselelekayo.
Amandla omoya ayeqikelelwa ukuba ngumthombo ophambili wokuveliswa kombane ngo-2025 kunye nomthamo ofakelweyo we-32,9 GW. Funda ngedatha ebalulekileyo yeli candelo, impembelelo yalo kwingqesho, kunye nemingeni yexesha elizayo.
I-Aagesen iqinisekisa ukuba kukho indawo yeefandesi zomoya olwandle kulo nyaka. I-Asturias, eneendawo ezintathu kunye neenkampani, inqwenela ukuba yindawo yemizi-mveliso. Ziza kuqala nini?
Fumanisa ii-turbines zomoya ezintsha eziziimodyuli neziphathekayo. Funda indlela yokukhetha eyona modeli ifanelekileyo yekhaya lakho kwaye uphucule ukuveliswa kwamandla omoya.
Fumanisa isicwangciso esitsha sokuphucula ukuzisebenzisa kwemizi-mveliso kunye nokuvuselela amandla omoya eSpain. Utshintsho kwiibhili, indawo yokugcina izinto, kunye neenethiwekhi eziluhlaza.
I-CSIC iveza i-SWSI, isixhobo sokuqala emhlabeni sokulinganisa iimbalela zomoya kunye nempembelelo yazo kumandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nempilo yezixeko.
U-Aagesen uqinisekisa ukuba ifandesi yokuqala yomoya olwandle eSpain isacwangciselwe kulo nyaka. Funda iinkcukacha malunga neGalicia kunye neZiqithi zaseCanary.
IHaizea Wind iqala ukuvelisa ii-monopiles ezinkulu zefama yomoya yaseNorfolk Vanguard West. Funda iinkcukacha zale nkontileka inkulu eBilbao.
Amandla omoya angaphandle kolwandle eSpain afuna ukonyuswa okuqinisekileyo. Funda ngemeko yeefandesi, utyalo-mali kwizibuko, kunye nekamva lamandla ahambahambayo.
UTrump umisa amandla omoya angaphandle eMelika ngotyalo-mali lwe-$2.600 yeebhiliyoni ukukhulisa igesi yendalo. Kuza kwenzeka ntoni kwimithombo evuselelekayo?
ISpain neYurophu zikhawulezisa uphuhliso lwazo lomoya ohambahambayo olwandle ngee-port hubs ezintsha kunye neefandesi ezinkulu. Funda ngeeprojekthi eziphambili kunye nefuthe lazo kwezoshishino.
Fumanisa indlela ukuvuselelwa kwamandla e-wind turbine okuphucula ngayo amandla acocekileyo, ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, kunye nokwenza igridi yombane ibe yeyanamhlanje. Ngena ngoku!
Fumanisa indlela amandla omoya akhuthaza ngayo ukuqeshwa kolutsha kunye nokukhusela ilifa kwiindawo zasemaphandleni eSpain. I-Tordesillas kunye neViveiro zimizekelo ephambili kweli candelo.
UJavier del Pico Aznar uza kukhokela i-APPA Eólica ekukhuthazeni ukuvuselelwa kwamandla kwiifama zomoya kunye nokufikelela kwi-62 GW ngo-2030. Lonke ulwazi lulapha!
Kutheni amandla omoya angaphandle kolwandle elibazisekile kwiZiqithi zaseCanary? IBhunga leZiqithi kunye noRhulumente bafuna ifandesi idale imisebenzi eyi-8.000 kwaye isuse igesi eyingozi kwiziqithi. Fumanisa!
Icandelo lomoya ophuma elwandle liyakhula ngesikhungo esitsha eTarragona kwaye liphucula ngamandla ombane ngqo. Fumanisa indlela amandla exesha elizayo aqhubela phambili ngayo!
I-China iqalise iziko layo lokuqala ledatha elingaphantsi kwamanzi elisebenza ngomoya. Igcina i-22% kumbane kwaye ipholisa iiseva ngokwemvelo phantsi kwamanzi.
I-Iberdrola iqalisa iTâmega Norte, icandelo eliphambili le-complex yayo enkulu yombane osebenza ngomoya ePortugal, ekhupha phantse i-600 GWh ngonyaka kwaye inempembelelo enamandla kwimozulu.
I-China isebenzisa i-turbine yomoya enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni: i-20 MW, irekhodi lehlabathi kunye nefuthe kwimozulu encinci eya kuphawula iipaki zexesha elizayo eYurophu.
IOfisi yoMphathi-mandla waseBogotá iphanda ngokulahleka okunokwenzeka kwe-$313.276 yezigidi kwiprojekthi yomoya yaseWindpeshi emva kokumiswa kwayo ngokungenammiselo.
I-IDAE icebisa izigidi ezingama-212 zokulungelelanisa amazibuko amathandathu aseSpain kumandla omoya angaphandle kolwandle kunye nokuqinisa indima yawo njengesikhungo saseYurophu sezinto ezivuselelekayo zaselwandle.
I-China ifake iqonga layo elikhulu lomoya elihambayo le-16 MW kwaye ikhawulezisa umdyarho neYurophu ukukhokela umoya osuka emanzini anzulu olwandle.
I-Xunta ithetha-thethana neGoldwind ngokungena kwayo ekuvuseleleni amandla omoya waseGalician kwaye ifuna ukuqinisa iGalicia njengendawo ephambili evuselelekayo eYurophu.
I-WindEurope eMadrid ibeka iSpain embindini wesicwangciso samandla omoya saseYurophu kunye nomnqweno wokufakelwa kombane ngeMadrid Call to Action.
Fumanisa indlela amandla omoya adityaniswe ngayo kwiigridi ezikrelekrele ukuze kubekho inkqubo yombane esebenza ngcono, eguquguqukayo nengasebenzisi i-carbon.
IPort Tarragona iveza isicwangciso sayo eWindEurope sokukhokela umoya ohambahambayo olwandle kwiMeditera kunye nokutsala utyalo-mali kwizibuko.
IGran Canaria iyadibana ukuze ifune ifandesi yokuqala yamandla omoya olwandle kurhulumente, iprojekthi yovavanyo enokudala amawaka emisebenzi kwesi siqithi. Funda ngayo yonke into esemngciphekweni.
I-turbine yesithathu yomoya epaki yaseBotija-Gáldar iqinisa amandla omoya kamasipala ayi-100% eGran Canaria, ngamandla angaphezulu kunye nempembelelo entle kakhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo.
IGalp iqinisa ukuzibophelela kwayo kumandla avuselelekayo ngokuthenga amandla omoya angama-351 MW eSpain nge-320 yezigidi zeerandi, yonyusa amandla ayo aluhlaza ukuya kwi-2 GW.
ISebe limisa ukwakhiwa kwefama yomoya i-El Escudo eCantabria ngenxa yokubhenela kwindalo esingqongileyo. Iinkalo eziphambili zengxabano yendalo esingqongileyo, yezomthetho, neyezopolitiko.
I-TotalEnergies irhoxisa umoya ophuma elwandle e-US kwaye igxile kwigesi kunye ne-LNG, eyona nto iphambili ekunikezelweni kwamandla eYurophu naseSpain.
I-APPA Marina ifuna ukuba ifandesi yokuqala yomoya ophuma elwandle inyuse ishishini, ingqesho kunye neendawo ezininzi ezikunxweme, kuthintelwe imiqobo efanayo neyokusingqongileyo.
I-Ceva Logistics ikhuthaza iindlela zaselwandle eziqhutywa ngumoya e-FORPLANET ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya nge-90% kurhwebo phakathi kweYurophu neMelika.
Indlela iVineyard Wind, ifama yokuqala enkulu yomoya e-offshore e-US, eyagqitywa ngayo ngexesha lobuMongameli bukaTrump, kwaye zeziphi izifundo ezibonelela ngazo eSpain naseYurophu.
Indlela amandla omoya abe likhusi elikhulu lamandla eSpain ngayo: igesi encinci, ukonga okungakumbi kunye nokuzinza okukhulu xa kujongwa iingxaki zamazwe ngamazwe.
Iiprojekthi zamandla omoya ezingama-40 eCastile naseLeón zifumene uVavanyo lweMpembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo (ii-EIA) olubi ukusukela ngo-2018, oluvimba i-3.390 MW. Iinkalo eziphambili zempembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nengxoxo ngaphakathi kweli candelo.
I-Axpo kunye neGrupo Enhol bavala i-PPA yomoya ye-3,7 TWh yeminyaka elishumi eSpain, eyona inkulu kwi-Axpo Iberia, eqinisa uzinzo kunye nokuzibophelela okuhlaziyekayo.
ISpain ilungiselela ifandesi yayo yokuqala yeeturbine zomoya ezidadayo elunxwemeni. Imizi-mveliso, iGalicia, kunye nokuloba zikhuphisana ngekamva lolwandle phakathi kotshintsho lwamandla.
Nantsi indlela eza kubonakala ngayo ifama yomoya yaseMt. Cass eNew Zealand: iiturbine zomoya ezingama-22, i-94,6 MW kunye ne-300 GWh ngonyaka kwizindlu ezingama-40.000 kunye ne-CO2 engaphantsi.
Indlela i-PPA yamandla omoya yeminyaka emihlanu evela kwi-Axpo naseFortia eyomeleza ngayo ukhuphiswano lwemizi-mveliso kunye nokuzinza kwamaxabiso kwimarike yase-Iberia.
I-MITECO iqalisa intlanganiso yoluntu eza kuchaza ifandesi yokuqala yomoya olwandle eSpain, eneenjongo ezifikelela kwi-3 GW kunye nempembelelo enamandla kwezoshishino.
IYurophu iqinisa ukuzibophelela kwayo kuLwandle oluseMantla ukudala isikhululo esikhulu samandla esiluhlaza esinomoya ophuma elwandle ongama-300 GW kunye nokhuseleko olukhulu lwamandla.
Amandla omoya kunye namandla elanga sele evelisa umbane omninzi kunamafutha efosili kwi-EU. Idatha ephambili, indima yeSpain, kunye nemingeni ngegesi kunye neebhetri zichazwe ngokweenkcukacha.
I-UK iphula iirekhodi kumoya ophuma elwandle ngamaxabiso anikezelweyo angama-8,4 GW kunye namaxabiso akhuphisanayo. Iinkalo eziphambili zemodeli yaseBritane kunye nempembelelo yayo eSpain naseYurophu.
INavantia kunye neWindar zifikelele kwiijakethi ezingama-200 ezifakwe eFene kunye ne-80 e-UK, ezimele phantse isiqingatha sazo ezifakwe eYurophu. Funda ngale nkqubela phambili yemizi-mveliso.
I-Ørsted ivuselela ifama yayo enkulu yomoya e-offshore e-US emva kokuphumelela umyalelo obalulekileyo. Iinkalo eziphambili zeprojekthi kunye nempembelelo yayo eYurophu naseSpain.
Fumanisa indlela ii-PPAs zamandla omoya angama-150 MW eziqhuba ngayo amaziko edatha, i-hydrogen eluhlaza kunye ne-AI kunye nemibutho efana ne-Iberdrola–Microsoft kunye ne-Solaria–Repsol.
Yonke into malunga ne-€292 yezigidi ekuncedeni ukuphucula iifama zomoya kunye nokwenza izityalo zombane zanamhlanje eSpain zibe zezona zifanelekileyo: iimfuno, imihla yokugqibela kunye neenjongo.
Fumanisa indlela yokuphucula ulawulo kunye nokugcinwa kwangaphambili kweeturbine zomoya ukuze kwandiswe ukufumaneka kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.
I-Ecopetrol igunyazisa utyalo-mali kwifama yomoya yaseWindpeshi eLa Guajira, nto leyo engundoqo ekutshintsheni kwayo amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-COâ‚‚.
I-Iberdrola ithenga ifama yomoya yase-Ararat e-Australia kwaye iqinisa isicwangciso sayo sotyalo-mali sika-2025-2028 kwiimarike ezivuselelekayo kunye nezizinzileyo.
I-Ecopetrol inika iWindpeshi ithuba elilungileyo, ifama yomoya engama-205 MW eya kwandisa amandla omoya eColombia kahlanu kwaye inciphise amawaka eetoni ze-COâ‚‚.
Fumanisa ifama yomoya iTâmega, eyona inkulu ePortugal: umbane, utyalo-mali, ingqesho, uqhagamshelo oluxutyiweyo kunye nempembelelo yalo kutshintsho lwamandla.
ISpain kunye neYurophu zilahlekelwa amandla avuselelekayo ngenxa yokunqongophala kwesiseko segridi. Fumana ukuba angakanani amandla aya kuchithwa ngo-2030 kwaye yintoni utyalo-mali olufunekayo ukuyithintela.
UVan Oord ugqibezela ukufakelwa kwee-monopiles ezingama-21 eWindanker, kunye nemveliso yaseSpain, imilinganiselo yokusingqongileyo ephucukileyo kunye needrones zolungiselelo lothungelwano lwaselunxwemeni.
I-Statkraft isungula iprojekthi yayo yokuqala engumxube womoya kunye nelanga eSpain eBurgos, ene-38,1 MW kunye nemilinganiselo yokukhusela indalo.
Indlela inqanawa ye-injini yomoya ye-Ecopetrol ekwazi ngayo ukunqumla ukukhutshwa kweCOâ‚‚ phantse isiqingatha kuthutho lwenaphtha phakathi kweCartagena kunye nePozos Colorados.
Amaqela amemelela ukumiswa kweprojekthi yefama yomoya yaseLabraza ngelixa iNkundla ePhakamileyo yelizwe laseBasque (TSJPV) iqhuba izibheno. Iinkcukacha zeprojekthi, ulwakhiwo luyaqhuba, kunye neembono ezichasayo.
Ukwakhiwa kuqala eLabraza: 40 MW, iiinjini zomoya ezisi-8 kunye ne-59 yezigidi zeedola. Imisebenzi, izibonelelo zendawo kunye nemilinganiselo yokusingqongileyo kwifama yomoya yokuqala yaseBasque.
Ubume beprojekthi kwi-A Coruña, inkxaso, inkxaso-mali ye-IDAE, kunye namanyathelo alindileyo. Amabango avela kurhulumente waseGalicia kunye namandla oshishino eGalicia.
IDominion ibeka ifama yomoya yaseCerritos (66 MW) eMexico ukuba ithengiswe: iibhidi ngoDisemba kwaye ivalwe ngo-2026. Funda iinkcukacha zenkqubo kunye neempembelelo zayo.
I-EIB ibonelela ngezimali ifama yomoya yaseWindanker nge-500 yezigidi zeerandi kunye nesiqinisekiso se-Cesce. Funda malunga nefuthe, ubuchwepheshe, kunye nexesha leprojekthi yomoya weBaltic.
I-China yenza iziko ledatha eliphantsi kwamanzi elisebenza ngamandla omoya: i-2,3 MW yokuqala, icwangciswe i-24 MW, kunye ne-PUE 1,15 ngokupholisa kwamanzi olwandle. Ngokuqhubeka nokukhangela le sayithi, uyavumelana nokusetyenziswa kweekuki, umgaqo-nkqubo wabucala ohlaziyiweyo, kunye nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa. Ungazitshintsha iisetingi zekuki kwibrawuza yakho. Ndiyavuma.
I-Apple yandisa i-650 MW yeefama ezintsha zesola kunye nomoya eYurophu ukuvala ukutshaja kwezixhobo zayo kwaye iqhubele phambili ukuya kwi-Apple ka-2030.
I-China ikhokela indlela kumandla omoya olwandle, ngelixa i-US iyancipha; I-EIB kunye neCaixaBank zixhasa ukwenziwa kweNavantia eSpain. Izitshixo zembonakalo-mhlaba entsha.
UMphathiswa wezaMandla neMigodi (MITECO) umisa ifama yomoya yaseCorus ngenxa yefuthe layo lokusingqongileyo. Iziphumo eziphambili kulawulo, iimpembelelo, intsebenziswano, kunye neempendulo eCantabria.
Uvavanyo lwefama yomoya yeValladolid mega-trial: iiseshini ezingama-43, abamangalelwa, izigwebo, kunye neshedyuli. Iinyaniso eziphambili ngetyala kunye nabo bachongwe njengabanoxanduva.
I-54,4 MW ifama yomoya eMiroslovesti ene-15-year CfD kunye notyalo-mali lwe-85 yezigidi zeerandi. Iiinjini zomoya ezisibhozo, ezicwangciselwe ukusebenza ekupheleni kuka-2027.
I-Cruz de Hierro inyusa amandla ayo ngaphezu kwe-60% ngokudibanisa amandla omoya kunye nelanga. Amandla, imveliso, kunye nezibonelelo zepaki yokuqala engumxube yaseSpain.
I-United States ifuna ukurhoxisa iimpepha-mvume zeNew England Wind kwaye iyamisa iRevolution Wind. Iibhanki zibona impembelelo encinci kwi-Iberdrola; imiba ephambili yedabi lolawulo.
INtloko iphakamisa iiprojekthi ezine zomoya nge-€48 yezigidi: €245 yezigidi ezidityanisiweyo kunye ne-601 yemisebenzi edaliweyo. Amanani angundoqo, iindawo, kunye neenjongo ze-Asturias.
PPA: SmartestEnergy ukuthenga onke amandla omoya eLempster kunye neGroton (72 MW). Iinkcukacha, impembelelo yendawo, kunye nezicwangciso ze-Avangrid.
Ingeniso ephezulu, imida emihle, kunye nolawulo olutsha kwiVestas, egcina iithagethi zayo zonyaka nangona i-44% yehla kwii-odolo.
Amandla omoya we-Offshore anyusa ii-odolo ze-Siemens Gamesa, esasenza ilahleko. Jonga iziphumo zeqela kunye noqikelelo.
Funda iinkcukacha zonikezelo lwamva nje lweNavantia-Windar monopiles kwifama yomoya yaseWindanker kuLwandle lweBaltic.
I-CNMC ihlawulisa i-Eólica del Alfoz ngokusebenzisa kakubi isikhundla sayo ekufikeleleni kwigridi yombane kwaye ibeka ukuvinjelwa okungakaze kubonwe kwiikontraki zoluntu.
Konke malunga nokuqhutywa kwamandla omoya olwandle e-Spain: izibonelelo, imingeni yolawulo, kunye neeprojekthi eziphambili. Bona amathuba angoku.
Fumanisa ukuba asebenza njani amandla omoya asasazwayo kunye neengenelo zawo zokuzisebenzisela ngokuzinzileyo kumakhaya nakumashishini.