Xa sithetha ngazo zonke iintlobo zamandla akhoyo, siyaxoxa ukuba yeyiphi eyona isebenzayo, ekulula ukuyikhupha, awona anamandla amakhulu kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, yeyiphi eyona ikhuselekileyo. Nangona ichasene nayo yonke into ekholelwayo kude kube ngoku, amandla akhuselekileyo akhoyo namhlanje yinyukliya.
Inokuba yinyaniso njani le nto? Emva kwesiganeko saseChernobyl ngo-1986, eyaziwa ngokuba yintlekele enkulu yenyukliya kwimbali, kunye nengozi yakutshanje eFukushima ngo-2011, zombini ezinxulumene namandla enyukliya, kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba la mandla akhuselekileyo emhlabeni wonke iplanethi yethu. Nangona kunjalo, siza kukubonisa ngobungqina obubambekayo bokuba oku kunjalo. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba kutheni amandla enyukliya iyeyona ikhuselekileyo kuzo zonke?
Ukuveliswa kwamandla kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho
Kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwelizwe, imveliso yamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokuphucula umgangatho wokuphila ngokubanzi. Nangona ukuveliswa kwamandla kungadityaniswa kuphela nemiphumo emihle, kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezibi zempilo. Umzekelo, Ukuveliswa kwamandla kunokubangelwa kukufa kunye nokugula kakhulu, ngakumbi kumandla abandakanya ukukhutshwa kongcoliso.
Injongo enikezelwe luluntu lwezenzululwazi kukukwazi ukuvelisa amandla kunye neempembelelo ezincinci kwimpilo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ukuze senze oku, luluphi uhlobo lwamandla esifanele siwasebenzise? Senza uthelekiso phakathi kwawona mandla asetyenziswayo kwihlabathi liphela njengamalahle, i-oyile, igesi yendalo, i-biomass kunye namandla enyukliya. Ngo-2014, Le mithombo yamandla ibalele phantse i-96% yemveliso yamandla kwihlabathi.
Uphuhliso loqoqosho lukwathetha imfuneko enkulu yombane namandla ngokubanzi. Apha kulapho amandla enyukliya agqama khona ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwawo ekuveliseni izixa ezikhulu zamandla ngokuxhomekeka okuncinci kumafutha efosili. Ngaphaya koko, uzinzo kubonelelo lombane olubonelelwa ngamaziko avelisa amandla enyukliya lubalulekile kuhlumo loqoqosho lwamazwe anemizi-mveliso ephezulu okanye aphuhle ngokupheleleyo.
Ukhuseleko lwamandla
Ukuqonda ngcono indlela amandla enyukliya anokuthi akhuseleke ngayo, mabini amaxesha abalulekileyo xa kuhlalutywa ukufa okanye ingozi enokubakho kwimveliso yamandla. Ngokusekelwe kwezi ziguquguqukayo, iqondo lengozi uhlobo ngalunye lwamandla olunalo kubantu kunye nokusingqongileyo lunokumiselwa.
Isakhelo sokuqala ngu yexeshana elifutshane okanye yokuvelisa. Oku kubandakanya ukufa okunxulumene neengozi kwisigaba sokutsalwa, ukusetyenzwa okanye ukuveliswa kwemithombo yamandla. Ngokumalunga nokusingqongileyo, iimpembelelo zongcoliseko abanazo emoyeni ngexesha lemveliso, uthutho kunye nokutshiswa ziyahlalutywa. Apha kulapho imithombo efana namalahle kunye neoyile ibangela owona monakalo mkhulu unikwe ukukhutshwa kwawo okuphezulu.
Kwelinye icala, isakhelo sesibini si impembelelo yexesha elide okanye phakathi kwezizukulwana, ezinokubandakanya iintlekele ezifana neChernobyl okanye, komnye umgca, imiphumo yokutshintsha kwemozulu ephuma kwi-greenhouse gas emissions. Nangona iChernobyl neFukushima zinempembelelo enkulu, ukufa okubangelwa kumandla enyukliya kusezantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa namafutha efosili.
Ulawulo lwenkunkuma yenyukliya
Enye yezinto ezixhalabisayo ngamandla enyukliya yinkcitho yawo, ingakumbi inkunkuma ekwinqanaba eliphezulu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ingozi yayo isusela kwi-10.000 1 ukuya kwi-XNUMX yezigidi zeminyaka, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwayo. Apha ulawulo olukhuselekileyo lwale nkunkuma lucelomngeni olukhulu, kodwa ishishini lenyukliya liphuhlise iindlela ezisebenzayo nezikhuselekileyo zokugcinwa kwazo kwiidiphozithi ezinzulu zejoloji.
Ngokuthelekisa, i-fuel fuels ivelisa ukungcola kwe-atmospheric kunye nemiphumo esheshayo kunye neyobukhulu obukhulu, echaphazela ngqo impilo. I Amaziko ombane eNyukliya, kwelinye icala, awakhuphi izinto ezingcolisayo ngexesha lokusebenza kwawo., enceda ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu nokungcoliswa komoya, izinto ezibulala izigidi zabantu nyaka ngamnye.
Esinye sezisombululo esiphandwayo malunga nenkunkuma yenyukliya yomgangatho ophezulu kuphinda kusetyenziswe amafutha asetyenzisiweyo. Nangona obu buchwepheshe busaphuhliswa, sele kukho iiprojekthi zovavanyo ezifuna ukunciphisa isiqingatha sobomi benkunkuma kwaye zisebenzisa uninzi lwe-uranium esetyenziswayo.
Ukusweleka okubangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu
Ukufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu zimbini zezona ziphumo ziyingozi kakhulu ezivela ekutshisweni kwamafutha efosili afana namalahle kunye ne-oyile. Ezinye zezona ziphumo ziphawulekayo kukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, izehlo zemozulu ezimandundu, ukuwohloka komkhenkce, kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle. Oku ke, kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokwanda kokusweleka kwabantu ngenxa yeentlekele zendalo, amaza obushushu, kunye neengxaki zokutya ngenxa yokuncipha kwezivuno zezityalo.
Kwelinye icala, imveliso yamandla enyukliya inceda ukuthomalalisa iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu ngokungakhuphi iCO2 ekusebenzeni kwayo. I Amandla enyukliya akhupha ikharbon diokside ngokuphindwe kangangama-83 kunamalahle, kwaye oku kuquka umjikelo wobomi uphela weplanti okanye ireactor, ukusuka ekwakhiweni kwayo ukuya ekuyekisweni kwayo.
Iingqwalasela zokugqibela kumandla enyukliya
Imbono yezentlalo yamandla enyukliya ikholisa ukuhluka kwiinyani. Ngelixa iintlekele ezifana neChernobyl kunye neFukushima zikhunjulwa ngenxa yempembelelo yazo yemithombo yeendaba, inani lokufa okubangelwa kukufa lisezantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nokufa okunxulumene nongcoliseko lomoya wefosili. Ukongeza, amandla enyukliya anelona zinga liphantsi lokufa ngeyunithi nganye yamandla avelisiweyo.
Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba amandla enyukliya yenye yeyona mithombo ikhuselekileyo kunye neempembelelo ezincinci zokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi xa siqwalasela ukufa okuthe ngqo kunye nokungathanga ngqo okubangelwa kukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.