Amandla omoya: Zisebenza njani iipaki kunye nokubaluleka kwazo kwikamva lamandla

Ukuhlalutya ukubaluleka kwe amandla omoya kwicandelo lamandla ehlabathi, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda zonke iinkqubo ezibandakanyekayo ekudalweni kwe oomatshini bomoya, amatye anqabileyo ezobuchwepheshe ezenza iifama zomoya. Aba matshini bomoya bamele ukuqhubela phambili okubonakalayo kutshintsho lwamandla.

Okulandelayo, siza kuchaza indlela iifama zomoya ezisebenza ngayo kunye ne ukufaneleka okukhulu kwamandla avelisiweyo kubo ebomini bethu. Siza kujongana nendima yayo ebalulekileyo njengenye indlela yombane kwikamva elizinzileyo.

Ukusebenza kwifama yomoya

Ukusebenza kwefama yomoya kulula, kodwa kuyasebenza kakhulu. Ipaki yenziwe oomatshini bomoya, equlathe uthotho lwe iipalas kwi-rotor yayo. Ezi ncakuba, ziqhutywa ngumoya, ziyavelisa Amandla eKinetic, eguqulwa ibe ngumbane ngejenereyitha.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeeinjini zomoya kukukwazi kwabo ukuphepha ukukhutshwa kweegesi ezingcolisayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-injini yomoya I-1 MW efakwe kwifama yomoya inokuthintela ukuya kuthi ga Iitoni ezingama-2.000 zecarbon dioxide (CO2) ngonyaka, xa kuthelekiswa nombane owenziwe kwizityalo ze-thermoelectric.

Umjikelo wobomi beeinjini zomoya ngundoqo ekuvavanyeni ukusebenza kwazo. A I-2,5 MW yeinjini yomoya Inobomi obuluncedo malunga neminyaka engama-20. Ngeli xesha, inokuvelisa ukuya kuthi ga 3.000 MW ngonyaka, ngokwaneleyo ukubonelela phakathi I-1.000 kunye ne-3.000 yamakhaya, kuxhomekeke ekusebenziseni amandla.

Kufakelo lomoya, iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zeeinjini zomoya zohlulwa. Kwelinye icala, kukho iiinjini zomoya ezincinci ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 KW, esetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifana neenkqubo zokumpompa amanzi okanye unikezelo lombane kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni nakwiindawo ezikwanti. Kwelinye icala, i iiinjini zomoya ezinkulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5 MW), banoxanduva lokuvelisa izixa ezikhulu zombane oza kugalelwa kuthungelwano lombane lwasezidolophini.

Phantse zonke iiinjini zomoya ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje zine i-rotor enamaphiko okanye i-vanes ejikeleza i-axis ethe tye. Le shaft iqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo yokuhanjiswa koomatshini kwaye emva koko ukuya a phinda, ethi ekugqibeleni isebenze i Umbane wombane.

Ukwandisa imveliso yamandla, iincakuba ze-rotor Zibalulekile. Okukhona bebakhulu, kokukhona indawo yokutshayela baya kuyigubungela, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu imveliso yamandla. Inkqubela phambili yakutsha nje kwi-aerodynamics kunye nemathiriyeli yenze ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa ubungakanani beeblades, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kweeinjini zomoya.

Ukubaluleka kwamandla omoya

Nangona iingenelo ezininzi zamandla omoya, abachasi bawo bahlala bebonisa iingxaki ezithile ezifana ungcoliseko olubonakalayo, i ingxolo eveliswa zii turbines, kunye ne ukungoneli okubonakalayo yemveliso yayo ukugubungela zonke iimfuno zamandla. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba amandla omoya a amandla acocekileyo, ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo rhoqo kwaye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuhambelana neminye imithombo yokuvelisa amandla njengelanga okanye i-hydraulic.

Ngokuphathelele ukungonwabi okunokuthi kubangele, ezi zincinci kakhulu xa zithelekiswa neziphumo ezibi zezinye iindlela zamandla, ezifana amandla enyukliya okanye amalahle. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo kukuba, njengoko ingamandla aveliswa ngumoya, ayikhuphi naluphi na uhlobo longcoliseko kokusingqongileyo, nto leyo eyenza ibe yenye yemithombo. isicoci iyafumaneka namhlanje.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla omoya kusisondeza kwinjongo yenguqu yamandla esingise kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo, ezinzileyo kwaye engangcolisi. Ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwi-oyile kwihlabathi jikelele kubalulekile ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu, kwaye amandla omoya, kunye neenzuzo zawo, yenye yezona zinto zikhethwayo ukufezekisa oku.

Eyona fama yomoya inkulu eSpain: El Andévalo

España kudala isalathiso ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla omoya. Nangona ulwakhiwo lweepaki ezintsha luye lwacotha kule minyaka yakutshanje, ilizwe lisaqhubeka nokubamba eyona fama yomoya inkulu kwilizwekazi laseYurophu, ehlala e-El Andévalo, kwiphondo laseHuelva.

Ngomthamo ofakiweyo we I-292 MW, El Andévalo ihlulwe kwiifama zomoya ezisibhozo. Ngokudibeneyo, ezi paki zivelisa amandla awoneleyo okubonelela ngaphezu Amakhaya angama-140.000 kwaye uphephe ukukhutshwa komlinganiselo Iitoni ezi-510.000 ze-CO2 ngonyaka. Esi sibonelelo siqhutywa ngu Iberdrola Ihlaziywa kwakhona, ukuqinisa inkampani njengenkokeli kumandla omoya zombini eSpain naseAndalusia, ngaphezu I-5.700 MW kwinqanaba likazwelonke.

Ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nozinzo

Uphuhliso lwamandla omoya alupheli. Uphuculo oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji kwi oomatshini bomoya ziye zabavumela ukuba basebenze ngokufanelekileyo, ixesha elide kunye noqoqosho. Namhlanje sifumana iiturbines ezinomthamo ongaphezulu I-5 MW, eyandisa kakhulu imveliso yayo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwandisa ubungakanani bepaki.

Kwelinye icala, i umoya omncinci ikwabonise ukukhula okuphawulekayo. Le teknoloji, ijolise ikakhulu ukubonelela uluntu oluncinci okanye iindawo ezikwanti, ivumela amandla ahlaziyekayo ukuba aziswe kwiindawo apho iiinjini zomoya ezinkulu zingasebenzi. Idityaniswe ne amandla elanga, iba sisicombululo esisebenza kakuhle nesicocekileyo sokubonelela ngamandla kwiindawo ezininzi zasemaphandleni.

Izinto ezintsha kwi ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokuveliswa kweeiturbines ezikhaphukhaphu kunye nangaphezulu ze-aerodynamic zezinye iinkqubela phambili eziqhuba ukwandiswa kwamandla omoya. Ezi nzame azinyusi kuphela umthamo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweefama zomoya, kodwa zikwanciphisa ifuthe lazo lokusingqongileyo, ziqinisekisa indima yazo ebalulekileyo kumlo ochasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu.

Amandla omoya aya kuqhubeka ukuba sisiseko kumhlaba wamandla kwixesha elizayo. Iinzuzo zoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo ezinikezelayo, kunye nendima yazo ekudaleni imisebenzi kunye nokuphucula iziseko zophuhliso lwamandla, ziyenza iteknoloji engundoqo ekuphumezeni iinjongo zozinzo lwehlabathi.