Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, i amandla ahlaziyekayo Baye babonwa njengobuchwepheshe bexesha elizayo, kodwa namhlanje, ukuzisebenzisa ngokwakho ngokusekelwe kumandla elanga yinto eqhubekayo yokufikelela. Enkosi ngale nkqubela phambili, siyakwazi ukuvelisa umbane ngokuthe ngqo kwikhaya lethu kwaye siwusebenzise ukwehlisa ngokubonakalayo ityala lethu lombane lenyanga. Siza kuphonononga yonke into ebandakanyekayo ekufakeni iipaneli zelanga ekhaya, iingenelo zazo ezininzi kunye nendlela onokuthi uphucule ngayo ngakumbi ukonga amandla ngale nkqubo.
Ukufaka iipaneli zelanga kwikhaya lakho: utyalo-mali olunenzuzo
Khetha ukuzityela nge ukufakwa kweepaneli zelanga kwikhaya lakho yindlela ebalaseleyo yokuvelisa nokulawula amandla akho ombane. Enyanisweni, ngokuqhagamshelwa kwigridi yombane, unakho ukufumana amandla ayimfuneko ukugubungela nayiphi na intsilelo yemveliso, ngelixa unokuthengisa amandla angaphezulu ongayisebenzisi.
Inzuzo yofakelo lwe-photovoltaic yonyuswa yizinto ezininzi, ezifana nenkxaso-mali ekhoyo, ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zeepaneli zelanga, kunye nokwenzeka kokunciphisa okanye ukuthengisa amandla angaphezulu ngokusebenzisa igridi yombane. Le yokugqibela ingundoqo ekunyuseni izibonelelo, ekubeni, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bofakelo kunye nendawo, unokufikelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwibhilikhi yakho yombane.
Ngaphaya koko, amandla elanga asebenza ngakumbi kwimimandla eneeyure ezininzi zokukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka, nto leyo eyenza ukuba iSpain ibe yindawo efanelekileyo yokuthatha eli thuba lamandla acocekileyo. Amakhaya akhetha iiphaneli zelanga angagcini nje ngokugcina imali yawo yenyanga, anegalelo ekulweni utshintsho lwemozulu ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweCO2.
Iinzuzo eziphambili zofakelo lwe-photovoltaic
Makhe sijonge ezinye zezibonelelo eziphambili zale nkqubo ingezantsi:
- Ukonga kwityala lombane: Ukufakela iiphaneli zesola kunganciphisa ityala lakho lombane ngaphezu kwama-50%. Njengoko uvelisa owakho umbane, ukuxhomekeka kwakho kwigridi kuncipha.
- 100% amandla ahlaziyekayo: Usebenzisa amandla elanga, umthombo ococekileyo nongenakuphela, onciphisa unyawo lwakho lwekhabhoni.
- Iinkxaso-mali kunye neenzuzo zerhafu: Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yakho, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufikelele kwinkxaso-mali egubungela inxalenye yeendleko zokufakela, ukufikelela kwi-55% yotyalo-mali lokuqala.
- Ukulawula amandla akho: Unokubeka iliso kwimveliso yakho kunye nokusetyenziswa ngexesha lokwenyani, elikunika ulawulo olupheleleyo kwinkcitho yakho yamandla kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uqhubele phambili ukusebenzisa kwakho.
- amagubu enyani: Enkosi kwibhetri yenyani, ungaqokelela amandla akho angaphezulu kwaye uwasebenzise kamva ukubuyisela i-100% yosetyenziso lwakho kwiinyanga zemveliso ephantsi.
Yintoni ibhetri yenyani?
La ibhetri ebonakalayo Ngolunye lweempawu ezinomdla kakhulu zokuzithengisa namhlanje. Ngokwenyani, yibhanki yehagu yenyani apho amandla agqithisileyo owavelisayo kodwa ungawasebenzisi aqokelelwa. Le ntsalela iguqulelwa kwii-euro, ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ixabiso lamatyala akho ombane alandelayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungafikelela kwi-100% yokonga kusetyenziso lwakho lombane.
Ngombulelo kwibhetri yenyani, awupheleli nje ukongeza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla owenzayo, kodwa ikuvumela ukuba ulawule ngcono iincopho kunye neentlambo zokuvelisa amandla kunye nokusetyenziswa unyaka wonke. Ngexesha leenyanga zemveliso yelanga esezantsi, efana nobusika, ungasebenzisa le bhetri yenyani ukuqhubeka ukonga kwityala lakho lombane.
Ukuphunyezwa kwebhetri ebonakalayo luncedo kakhulu kwiimeko apho ungenayo indawo okanye amandla okufaka i-accumulators ebonakalayo, eguqulela kwisisombululo esinoqoqosho kunye nesisebenzayo kumakhaya afuna ukunyusa ukonga. Ngaphaya koko, ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, unokuhlengahlengisa ukusebenza kwayo ngokweemfuno zakho zombane, uhlala uqinisekisa ukuba i-surpluses yakho isetyenziswa ngeyona ndlela ingcono.
Uyilo kunye nofakelo: amanyathelo aphambili anikezelwa yiFactorenergía
Ukuba ucinga ukuthatha inyathelo elibhekiselele kwi-photovoltaic self-consumption, iinkampani ezifana I-Energy Factor Bakukhapha kuyo yonke inkqubo ukuze utshintsho lube lula kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukususela kuyilo lokuqala ukuya kulawulo lwentsalela yamandla, ezi nkampani zinyamekela zonke iinkalo zobugcisa nezolawulo.
Inkqubo elandelwa yinkampani yofakelo lwepaneli yelanga ngokwesiqhelo inala manyathelo alandelayo:
- Isifundo sokuqala: Uhlalutyo olunzulu lweempawu zekhaya lakho lwenziwa, kubandakanywa ukuqhelaniswa, indawo ekhoyo yophahla kunye neemfuno zokusetyenziswa, ukuyila isiphakamiso sokuqala.
- Uyilo lokugqibela: Nje ukuba isiphakamiso sokuqala samkelwe, iinkcukacha zobugcisa kunye nezakhiwo zesindululo esiqinisekileyo zichazwe ngokuchanekileyo.
- Izixhobo kunye nofakelo: Emva kokusayina isivumelwano, iipaneli zelanga zifakwe, zinyamekela zonke iinkcukacha zobugcisa kunye nokushiya ukufakela ukulungele ukuqala ukuvelisa amandla ukususela ngosuku lokuqala.
- Ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kunye nolawulo lwentsalela: Inkampani ikwajongana nazo zonke iinkqubo zomthetho, kubandakanywa inkxaso-mali kunye nokuthengiswa kweentsalela zokuhlawula ngaphezulu ityala lakho lombane.
Ukonga kakhulu ngembuyekezo yentsalela
Enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokonga ngeepaneli zelanga kukusebenzisa ithuba imbuyekezo eshiyekileyo. Le nkqubo ivumela nawaphi na amandla angasetyenziswanga ukuba athululwe kwakhona kwigridi, kwaye ngokutshintshiselana, ufumana imbuyekezo yemali exhuzulwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwibhili yakho yombane.
Lo mzekelo ulawulwa yi-Royal Decree kwi-Self-Consumption 244/2019, emisela ukuba nawaphi na amandla avela kufakelo lwakho lwe-photovoltaic oludlula ukusetyenziswa kwakho lunokubuyiselwa kwinethiwekhi. Ukutshintshana, uya kufumana imbuyekezo yezemali kwezi ntsalela, ezenza umthombo obalulekileyo wokonga okongeziweyo.
Nangona ixabiso lembuyekezo lingekho phezulu njengeendleko zombane owuthengayo, lisamele ukonga okubalulekileyo, ukongeza ekuphuculeni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla owenzayo. Lithuba elihle kakhulu kulawo makhaya anenkqubo enkulu okanye angenako ukusebenzisa onke amandla awenza ngexesha leeyure zosuku.
Kwimeko yofakelo lwe-photovoltaic oluqhagamshelwe kwigridi, imbuyekezo ye-surplus ingundoqo ekunciphiseni ngakumbi i-bill yombane, ekubeni olu hlobo lwembuyekezo lusebenza kuphela kwixabiso lamandla ongakhange uwasebenzise.
Inkxaso-mali yofakelo lweepaneli zelanga
Okwangoku, eSpain kunokwenzeka ukufikelela izibonelelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-55% yeendleko ezipheleleyo zofakelo lwe-photovoltaic sibulela kwiimali ze-European Next Generation. Ezi nkxaso-mali zenzelwe ukunciphisa iindleko zokuqala kwaye zenze utshintsho lokusebenzisa amandla ngokuzimeleyo lufikeleleke ngakumbi.
Ukongeza kwiimali zaseYurophu, uluntu oluninzi oluzimeleyo lukwabonelela ngokutsalwa kwerhafu, ukuncitshiswa kwe-IBI kunye nezinye izibonelelo zerhafu, ezinokuthi kunye zinciphise kakhulu iindleko zokuqala zokufakelwa kwepaneli yelanga. Eminye imimandla ide ibonelele ngoncedo olongezelelweyo lokuzisebenzisa, kunye nenkuthazo eyongezelelweyo yeeprojekthi zamandla ahlaziyekayo emaphandleni okanye kwiindawo ezingenabantu.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo okuyo, unokufikelela kwiimali-mboleko kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa amaqumrhu ahlukeneyo ebhanki anomdla ekukhuthazeni olu hlobo lwezibonelelo ezizinzileyo. Ezi mboleko, ngokudibanisa nenkxaso, zivumela ukufakwa kweepaneli zelanga ukuba zihlawulwe ngexesha elifutshane, ukwandisa inzuzo yazo.
Ukuzityela kumakhaya: ungagcina malini?
Ugcino oluchanekileyo olunokufunyanwa ngofakelo lwepaneli yelanga luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezinje:
- Ubungakanani bofakelo
- Indawo yokuma kunye nendawo yekhaya (iindawo ezineeyure ezininzi zokukhanya kwelanga zinokuvelisa amandla angakumbi)
- Umndilili wokusetyenziswa kombane wasekhaya
Ngokutsho Idatha ye-IDAE (I-Institute for Energy Diversification and Saving), ukufakwa kwe-photovoltaic solar kwikhaya eliqhelekileyo kunokugcina phakathi kwe-40% kunye ne-60% kwi-bill yombane. Olu londolozo lunokongezwa ukuba uneebhetri ezigcina amandla agqithisileyo, okanye ukuba wenza uninzi lwembuyekezo egqithisileyo ekhankanywe ngasentla.
Ngaphaya koko, abanini abakhetha ukuzityela banokuzuza kwimbuyekezo kutyalo-mali kwixesha elithile. I-3 ukuya kwi-5 iminyaka, eyenza le teknoloji ibe yi-investment investment in both short and long term.
Ngoko ke, ukufaka iipaneli zelanga akuthethi nje ukugcinwa, kodwa kunye nenkululeko yamandla kunye nokuzinza. Kwimeko yokunyuka rhoqo kweendleko zamandla, ukuvelisa umbane wakho kwakhona lithuba lokuzimela kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwakho kwiinkampani zombane eziqhelekileyo, ngelixa uncedisa ekudalweni kwenkqubo yamandla ezinzileyo kunye necocekileyo.