Xa ubusika obubandayo bufika kufuneka siyifudumeze indlu yethu ukuze sizive sikhululekile. Oku kuxa kuvela amathandabuzo malunga nokufudumala kwehlabathi, ungcoliseko kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aqhelekileyo ukufudumeza. Nangona kunjalo, sinokuthembela kumandla avuselelekayo ukufudumeza amakhaya. Imalunga nokufudumeza komhlaba.
I-Geothermal energy ithatha ithuba ubushushu bangaphakathi bomhlaba ukufudumeza amanzi kunye nokunyusa ubushushu kwizakhiwo. Obu bushushu, buqokelelwe kumaleko omhlaba, bunokusetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla ozinzileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zasekhaya nezamashishini. Kweli nqaku, siza kuchaza yonke into malunga ukufudumeza kwe-geothermal: ukusebenza kwayo, izicelo, iingenelo kunye nokunye. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba ungalisebenzisa njani ithuba lobu bugcisa bunomtsalane ekhayeni lakho, qhubeka ufunda!
Yintoni amandla e-geothermal?
Into yokuqala kukwenza uphononongo olufutshane lokuba yintoni amandla e-geothermal. La ngamandla agcinwe ngokohlobo lobushushu phantsi komphezulu woMhlaba. La mandla aquka ubushushu obugcinwe emhlabeni, kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba nasematyeni, nakubuphi na ubushushu, kungakhathaliseki ubunzulu okanye imvelaphi.
Enkosi kobu bushushu buqokelelwe kumhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba, sinokusebenzisa amandla e-geothermal ngeenjongo zasekhaya nezamashishini. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiqondo lobushushu ekuyo, ingasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo:
- Nikeza calor ukufudumeza, amanzi ashushu asekhaya okanye i-air conditioning.
- Yenza umbane kwiindawo eziphezulu ze-enthalpy (indawo yokugcina ukushisa okuphezulu).
Kwimeko yokufudumala kwe-geothermal, sisebenzisa izibonelelo ze i-enthalpy ephantsi, apho iqondo lokushisa alikho ngokwaneleyo ukuvelisa umbane, kodwa lilungele ukufudumeza amakhaya kunye nezakhiwo ngokufanelekileyo nangokuzinzileyo.
Amanzi asetyenziswa njani?
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba kubunzulu phakathi 15 kunye ne-20 yeemitha, ubushushu bomhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba buhlala buzinzile unyaka wonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuhluka kweqondo lokushisa ngaphandle. Lo bushushu buthanda ukuba malunga ne-15-16ºC ngokomndilili. Ukuba siyehla ngakumbi, iqondo lobushushu liyenyuka phantse I-3 degrees rhoqo kwi-100 yeemitha, ngenxa yokuthambeka kwe-geothermal.
Ukuthatha ithuba la mandla, imibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba isetyenziswa apho a ulwelo lokufudumeza ubushushu (amanzi axutywe nesithinteli sokukhenkceza), ahambisa ubushushu ukusuka kumhlaba ongaphantsi ukuya phezulu. Ngale ndlela, sinokubamba ubushushu bendalo boMhlaba kwaye sithathe ithuba kubo ukuvelisa ubushushu bobushushu.
Kukho itekhnoloji ezintathu eziphambili ingqokelela yobushushu be-geothermal:
- Iinkqubo ezithe tyaba: Imibhobho ifakwe kwimisele engaphantsi kweemitha ezi-2 ubunzulu. Zilungele iiploti ezinkulu kodwa zifuna indawo eyaneleyo.
- Iinkqubo ezithe nkqo: Imibhobho efakwe kwiqula elinzulu phakathi kwama-25 kunye ne-100 yeemitha ubunzulu. Esi sisombululo sifanelekile kwiindawo ezingenawo umhlaba omninzi okhoyo.
- Iinkqubo zokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo: Basebenzisa amanzi endalo, ashushu aphantsi komhlaba ukufudumeza amakhaya okanye iinkqubo ezinkulu.
Umsebenzi wokufudumeza komhlaba
Ukunyusa ubushushu bekhaya ebusika, a impompo yobushushu be-geothermal. Le mpompo ikhupha ubushushu obugcinwe kwi-subsoil ngokusebenzisa ulwelo lokudlulisa ubushushu kwaye idlulisele kwinkqubo yokufudumeza ekhaya.
Ukusebenza kwempompo yobushushu be-geothermal kuyafana nezinye iinkqubo zempompo yobushushu, kodwa ngenzuzo enye ephambili: Ubushushu bomhlaba obuzinzile. Ipompo ayidingeki ukuba ijongane nokutshintsha kobushushu obugqithisileyo obuchaphazela ezinye iintlobo zeepompo (ezifana neepompo ze-aerothermal), eziphucula ukusebenza kwayo.
Inkqubo yokusebenza esisiseko ibandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:
- ukubamba ubushushu: Ulwelo lujikeleza kwimibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba kwaye lufunxa ubushushu emhlabeni.
- Utshintshiselwano kunye noxinzelelo: Ubushushu obuqokelelweyo budluliselwa kwi-exchanger apho i-compressor igxininise khona, inyusa ukushisa kwayo.
- U sasazo: Umoya oshushu okanye amanzi asasazwa kwindlu yonke ngeeradiyetha, ukufudumeza ngaphantsi okanye iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya.
- Ehlotyeni, inkqubo inokusebenza ngasemva, ifunxa ubushushu bangaphakathi kwaye ibukhulule kwi-subfloor ukupholisa izithuba.
La impompo yobushushu bamanzi-amanzi Ifanelekile kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza kwe-geothermal. Amandla asetyenziswa kuphela ekusebenzeni kwee-circulators kunye ne-compressor, enciphisa kakhulu inkcitho yamandla ombane.
izicelo zokufudumeza geothermal
Amandla e-Geothermal anezicelo ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo zasekhaya kunye nezoshishino. Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo kusekuncinci kumakhaya, kuya kuxhaphaka kwizakhiwo ezizinzileyo kwaye njengenxalenye yezicwangciso zokonga amandla. Ezinye zezi zicelo zezi:
- Ukufudumeza komhlaba: Usebenzisa amandla aphantsi komhlaba ukufudumeza izakhiwo ngokufanelekileyo.
- amanzi ashushu asekhaya: Thatha ithuba lobushushu ukwenza amanzi ashushu.
- amachibi ashushu: Iimpompo zobushushu be-geothermal nazo zisetyenziselwa ukufudumeza amachibi angaphandle nangaphakathi.
- umhlaba ohlaziyayo: Ivumela ukuba umjikelezo uguqulwe kwiindawo ezishushu, ukupholisa umhlaba kunye nokupholisa ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo.
Ukusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kwe ukufudumeza kwe-geothermal ngamandla elanga ashushu ibonelela ngogcino lwamandla olukhulu ngakumbi, kuba zombini iitekhnoloji ziyancedisana ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimithombo yamandla eqhelekileyo.
Izinto eziluncedo zokufudumeza i-geothermal
Ukusetyenziswa kokufudumala kwe-geothermal kunamanani amaninzi ezintle okubalulekileyo, kwezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo:
- Ukusebenza kwamandla aphezulu: Iimpompo zokufudumala kwe-geothermal ziphakathi kwe-300% kunye ne-500% ngokufanelekileyo kuneenkqubo zokufudumeza eziqhelekileyo.
- Ukunciphisa i-CO2: Olu hlobo lwamandla lucocekile kwaye luyinciphisa kakhulu icarbon dioxide ekhutshwayo.
- Ukufumaneka rhoqo: Ngokungafaniyo namandla elanga okanye omoya, amandla e-geothermal afumaneka unyaka wonke kwaye awaxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu.
- Iindleko zokulungisa eziphantsi: Iisistim ze-Geothermal zithembekile kwaye zifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci ngexesha lobomi bazo obude obuluncedo (ukuya kwiminyaka engama-50).
Ukuqwalaselwa phambi kokufaka isixokelelwano sobushushu bomhlaba
Ngaphambi kokufaka inkqubo yokufudumeza i-geothermal, kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba isifundo ukwenzeka kwezoqoqosho. Ayizizo zonke iindawo ezibonelela ngemithombo efanayo ye-geothermal, ngoko ke kufuneka ivavanywe ukuba umhlaba ubonelela ngeempawu ezifanelekileyo zofakelo. Ingakumbi ukuba i ukubamba ngokuthe nkqo, apho iindleko zokugaya imigodi zinokunyusa iindleko zokuqala.
Nangona iindleko zokufakela ziphezulu kunezinye iinkqubo, utyalo-mali lunokuncitshiswa I-5 ukuya kwi-7 iminyaka ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokonga ekusebenziseni amandla.
Ngenkqubo ye-geothermal, ungonwabela ikhaya elifudumeleyo ebusika, umgangatho wokupholisa ehlotyeni kunye namanzi ashushu asekhaya unyaka wonke, unciphisa zombini indawo yekhabhoni kunye namatyala akho amandla.
Inomdla kakhulu kule nkqubo kwaye icaciswe kakuhle, Siyavuyisana.