Imisebenzi ye-atmosfera Zizohlukeneyo kwaye zibalulekile kubomi baseMhlabeni. Ukuze uqonde ngcono indima yawo, kubalulekile ukwazi okwenzekayo kwiplanethi yethu kunye nendlela umoya ojikeleze umhlaba osebenza ngayo njengekhaka elikhuselayo.
El IPlanethi yomhlaba Yibhola enyibilikisiweyo ehamba esithubeni, apho ubushushu bungu-zero ubukhulu becala. Nangona iplanethi iphola kumphezulu wayo, ubushushu obusuka kumbindi womhlaba buhlala buphuma kuqweqwe. Ezi zibonakaliso ze-thermal zijongene neziganeko ezifana neenyikima kunye nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo.
Le misebenzi ye-tectonic iya kuyeka kuphela xa ubushushu bangaphakathi beplanethi buchithwa ngokupheleleyo. Ngeli xesha, uqweqwe olucekethekileyo esihlala kulo lusebenza njengomda phakathi koMhlaba kunye nemekobume engathandekiyo yendawo. Yiyo loo nto umoya ojikeleze umhlaba udlala indima ebalulekileyo: iyasihlukanisa neemeko ezigqithisileyo zesithuba, ukwenza ubomi njengoko sibazi bube lula.
Kwimeko yendalo iphela, isijikelezi-langa sethu sixhasa ubomi kwindawo ekhethekileyo ngenxa yemisebenzi eyenziwa ngumoya osingqongileyo.
Eyona misebenzi iphambili yomoya
Kumnyele wethu, i Amaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwe -273º C kunye nezigidi ezininzi zeedigri, kodwa abantu banokuphila kuphela kuluhlu olumxinwa kakhulu: ukusuka -30º ukuya kuma-60º C. Ngaphezu koko, imitha yemitha ehamba kwindalo iphela, njengemitha ye-gamma okanye amaza erediyo, azinabungozi kangako kuthi.
Enye into ethintela ukusinda kwethu yingcinezelo yomoya. Silungele ukuhlala imo engqongileyo ebonelela ngoxinzelelo olusemgangathweni lwe-atmospheric. Abantu bangakwazi ukunyamezela iinguqu ukuya kuthi ga ngokuphindwe kashumi kolu xinzelelo. Oku kwenza ukuhlola ngaphandle koMhlaba kube nzima, njengasesibhakabhakeni apho uxinzelelo lunguziro, okanye kwiiplanethi apho uxinzelelo lufikelela kuma-50 okanye ali-100 amakhulu kunowethu.
Ukuze siqhubeke siphila, kufuneka sibe nendawo eneqondo lobushushu elifanelekileyo, imitha kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo olufanelekileyo, kunye nomoya ophefumlayo. Isijikelezi-langa esinguMhlaba sahlukile, ngokokwazi kwethu, ekuhlangabezaneni nazo zonke ezi meko, kwaye ngumoya odlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nto.
Iingqimba ezahlukeneyo zomoya
Iatmosfera yethu yahlulwe yangamaleko, ngalinye lineempawu ezikhethekileyo ngokuphathelele kulo ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye nobushushu. Ezi maleko, zidibene, zenza ikhaka elikhuselayo eliqinisekisa ukulingana kwamandla okufunekayo kubomi eMhlabeni.
Iimaleko eziphambili zomoya ojikeleze umhlaba zichazwe ngezantsi:
- Troposphere: Lo ngumaleko okufutshane kumphezulu woMhlaba, kunye nobude obuqikelelwayo obuphakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-20 km, ngokuxhomekeke kwisibanzi. Uninzi lweziganeko zemozulu zenzeka apha, njengemvula, imimoya kunye nezaqhwithi. I-75% yazo zonke iigesi ze-atmospheric zigxininiswe kwi-troposphere. Ubushushu buyancipha njengoko ukuphakama kokuphakama kunyuka, kubangela ukuvela kwamafu kunye nemvula.
- Ubume bendawo: Ifumaneka ngaphezu kwe-troposphere, isuka kwi-20 ukuya kwi-50 km ubude. Lo maleko udume ngezindlu umphezulu we-ozone, ekhusela izinto eziphilayo kwimitha yelanga yeultraviolet. Ngokwahlukileyo kwi-troposphere, kwi-stratosphere iqondo lokushisa liyenyuka ngokuphakama ngenxa yokufunxwa kwemisebe yelanga ngamamolekyuli e-ozone.
- Umyalezo: Phakathi kwe-50 kunye ne-85 km ukuphakama, lo ngowona maleko obandayo we-atmosfera, ofikelela kumaqondo obushushu ukuya kuma -90ºC kwindawo yawo ephezulu. I-mesosphere ibalulekile kuba ichitha uninzi lweemeteorites ezingena kwiatmosfera zisingise eMhlabeni.
- Ithermosphere: Ibekwe phakathi kwe-85 kunye ne-500 km, apha iqondo lobushushu liyenyuka kwakhona, lifikelela kuma-2.000ºC ngexesha lomsebenzi omkhulu welanga. Phezu kwawo nje la maqondo obushushu aphezulu, umoya oxineneyo uphantsi kangangokuba umntu akanakuva ubushushu. Olu maleko lukwabizwa ngokuba yi ionosphere kuba iqulethe amasuntswana atshajisiweyo ombane abonakalisa amaza erediyo.
- Umoya: Ngowona maleko ungaphandle kwaye imi kumphakamo ongaphezulu kwama-500 km. Iphawula umda phakathi kweatmosfera yomhlaba kunye nendawo yangaphandle. Ngenxa yoxinano oluphantsi lwamasuntswana kulo mmandla, i iatmosphere iyachitheka esithubeni.
Ukubaluleka kwemisebenzi yomoya
Iatmosfera yomhlaba isebenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo evumela ukuba kubekho ubomi emhlabeni.
- Ukhuseleko kwimitha: Iozone ekwistratosphere ihluza imitha ye<em>ultraviolet evela elangeni, ebinokuba yingozi kwizinto eziphilayo.
- Ulawulo lwemozulu nobushushu: Ngokusebenza njengekhuselo phakathi kwelanga nesijikelezi-langa, iatmosfera ilawula ubushushu yaye isasaza ubushushu ngemozulu.
- Ukuthatha inxaxheba kumjikelo werhasi yendalo: Umoya ojikeleze umhlaba uvumela ukujikeleza ngokuqhubekayo kweegesi ezinjengeoksijini kunye nekharbon diokside, ebalulekileyo ebomini. Ukongeza, ibalulekile kumjikelo wenitrogen, enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo.
- Inkxaso yokuphefumula: Ibonelela ngeoksijini, enye yezinto ezisisiseko zobomi. Ngaphandle komoya ophefumlayo, akunakwenzeka ukuphila.
Olu lungelelwano lubuthathaka luqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi ye-atmosfera igcina uMhlaba ukwimeko efanelekileyo yobomi. Ukugcina olu nxibelelwano lubalulekile kwikamva leplanethi kunye nazo zonke izinto eziphilayo ezikuyo.
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