Ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma ekuveliseni amandla avuselelekayo yenye yeziseko zophuhliso oluzinzileyo namhlanje. Enye yezona teknoloji zithembisayo kukuveliswa kwe biogas, igesi ehlaziyekayo efunyenwe kwi-fermentation yezinto eziphilayo phantsi kweemeko ze-anaerobic. Le nkqubo ayinikezeli kuphela amandla acocekileyo, kodwa inceda ukunciphisa inani lenkunkuma eyenziwa ngamashishini okutya.
Umzekelo ogqwesileyo wobu buchwepheshe sisixhobo esilingwayo sokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kunye nemveliso ye-biogas ephuhliswe ngaphakathi kwesakhelo UBOMI WOGAnMBR iprojekthi. Le projekthi ijolise ekuveliseni i-biogas kwinkunkuma ye-industrial organic, efana nezo ziveliswa yimveliso iicroquette ezikhenkcezisiweyo kunye neefries zaseFransi.
Yenziwa njani i-biogas kwinkunkuma yokutya?
I-Biogas ifumaneka ngenkqubo ebizwa ukugaya kwe-anaerobic, apho ii-microorganisms zibola inkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo kwindawo engena-oksijini. Kumashishini okutya, le nkunkuma ininzi kwaye inokubandakanya yonke into ukusuka ekutyeni okushiyekileyo ukuya kumafutha kunye neeoli ezenziwe ngexesha lokucubungula.
Iplanti yokulinga ephuhliswe kwiprojekthi yeWOGAnMBR isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-AnMBR (I-Anaerobic Bio Reactor Membrane), evumela unyango olusebenzayo lwamanzi amdaka alayishwe ngezinto eziphilayo. I-biogas efunyenwe kule nkqubo inokusetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla kwizityalo zoshishino ngokwazo, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwazo kumafutha e-fossil.
Amabali empumelelo kushishino lokutya
Itekhnoloji ye-AnMBR isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kumashishini aliqela, afana nefektri yokutya ekhenkcezisiweyo IiEurofrits, ibekwe ePozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), nakwi Mattano eBurgos. Ezi nkampani zikwazile ukuthabatha ithuba lenkunkuma eveliswe kwiinkqubo zazo zokuvelisa ukuvelisa i-biogas ezithi ke ziyisebenzisele ukusetyenziswa ngaphakathi kwimizi-mveliso yazo.
Ukongeza ekunciphiseni ukuveliswa kodaka kunye nokuvelisa i-biogas, obu buchwepheshe buvumela ukuhluzwa kwamanzi okusemgangathweni ophezulu, enokuphinda isetyenziswe ukunkcenkceshela. Ngale ndlela, amashishini awanciphisi kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yobutyebi, kodwa anciphisa nobungakanani benkunkuma abayenzayo.
Enye imeko ephawulekayo yileyo WELTEC Biopower, ephumeze isityalo se-biogas kwinkampani yaseFransi Altho, umenzi wetshiphu yeitapile. Kwesi sityalo, inkunkuma yemveliso kunye nodaka olusuka kwiinkqubo zokuhlanjwa kweetapile zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-biomethane, ukufikelela kwimveliso ye-200 cubic metres ye-biomethane ngeyure, elingana nokusetyenziswa kwamandla edolophu encinci.
Ukuba nokwenzeka kobugcisa noqoqosho
Kwimeko yezityalo zokulinga i-Eurofrits kunye neMattano, ukubanakho kobugcisa kolu hlobo lweprojekthi kubonakaliswe ngokufikelela Iilitha ezingama-9.600 ze-biogas ngosuku kunye nomgangatho we-methane wama-75%. Ngaphezu koko, i ukuba bhetyebhetye yetekhnoloji ye-AnMBR ivumela ukuphunyezwa kwayo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo oshishino lokutya.
Ubuxhakaxhaka betekhnoloji bungundoqo, ekubeni isityalo ngasinye sinokuhlengahlengiswa ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zamanzi kunye nomthwalo wezinto eziphilayo zenkunkuma eyenziwe. Ngale ndlela, nayiphi na imboni yokutya evelisa inkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo inokuxhamla kobu buchwepheshe, iphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokunciphisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma.
Iinkampani ezifana Iifama zeCavendish, iprosesa yeetapile eCanada, nayo ibonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma kunokuba nefuthe elibalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse. Ngokusebenzisa umzi-mveliso we-biogas, le nkampani inciphise ukuxhomekeka kwayo kumafutha efosili ngama-30% kwaye yehlise ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo ngeetoni ezingama-35.000 ngonyaka.
Ezinye iingenelo zokusingqongileyo
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-biogas ayinayo nje inzuzo yamandla, kodwa inegalelo kwi Uqoqosho olujikelezayo ngokuvala umjikelo wemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa ngendlela esebenzayo nezinzileyo. Umzekelo, inkunkuma eqinileyo evela kwinkqubo yokugaya i-anaerobic ingasetyenziswa njenge isichumiso umgangatho ophezulu wezolimo, ubuyisela izondlo emhlabeni.
Ukongeza, ukunciphisa inani lenkunkuma ethunyelwa kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi ze-greenhouse ezifana ne-methane, enceda ukunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu. Ngokunjalo, njengoko kubonisiwe kunyango lwangaphambili lwamanzi amdaka, amanzi ahluziweyo angaphinda asetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zoshishino, nto leyo enciphisa imfuno yamanzi kwiinkampani.
Ngokufutshane, iiprojekthi zokuvelisa i-biogas ezivela kwinkunkuma ezifana nezo zisuka iichips y iicroquette ezikhenkcezisiweyo Ziyimbonakaliso ecacileyo yokuba imboni yokutya inokuzinza kwaye ikwazi ukuzimela, kokubili ngamandla kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ukudibanisa olu hlobo lobuchwephesha linyathelo eliphambili elisingise kwikamva elinobungani bokusingqongileyo.