Okwangoku kukho impikiswano enomdla malunga nokusetyenziswa kwencwadi ye-e. Imalunga nengxoxo engunaphakade phakathi kokuxinana kwabantu ubuchwepheshe obutsha "edinini" lesithethe, njengemikhwa yamandulo kunye nezithethe ezaziwayo. Ndibhekisa kukhuselo olwenziwa ngabalandeli be incwadi eprintiweyo, ekubeni bemi ngelithi iincwadi ze-elektroniki, okanye ii-e-books, azibangeli ulonwabo lokuthenga nokufunda loo ncwadi.
Nokuba luthini uluvo lwethu, kubalulekile ukuba uzazise malunga neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo kwifomathi nganye. Umzekelo, WellHome ipapashe i-infographic (ngesiNgesi) enikezela ngedatha ebalulekileyo, nangona ivela kwimarike yase-US, isinika umbono ocacileyo wemeko. Ngezantsi siza kungena kwi Umkhondo weenyawo zendalo yeencwadi eziprintiweyo kunye ne-e-books kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ukuveliswa kweencwadi eziprintiweyo
Ukuveliswa kweencwadi ezishicilelweyo kunempembelelo enkulu kwimekobume. Njengoko imfuno yeencwadi zendalo ikhula, ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo nako konyuka kakhulu. Phakathi kwezona nkcukacha zibalulekileyo ezibonelelwe leli shishini zezi zilandelayo:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwephepha: La ishishini lopapasho itya malunga ne-16 lezigidi zeetoni zephepha minyaka le.
- Ukugawulwa kwemithi: Le mveliso yaminyaka le yeencwadi ezishicilelweyo ifuna ukugawulwa kwemithi emalunga nezigidi ezingama-32. Oku akuchaphazeli nje kuphela indalo yamahlathi, kodwa kukwanegalelo ekugawulweni kwamahlathi, okuyingxaki enzulu ehlabathini lonke.
- Izinto ezikhutshwayo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa: Incwadi nganye eprintiweyo ivelisa malunga ne-8,85 yeeponti ze-CO2 (ikhabhonidayoksayidi), isenza iincwadi eziprintiweyo zibe yenye yeemveliso ezinophawu olukhulu lwendalo kwicandelo lopapasho.
Ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezingcolisa indalo ekuvelisweni kweencwadi
Ukuveliswa kweencwadi ezishicilelweyo akuvelisi nje kuphela ukukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside, kodwa nezinye izinto ezikhathaza indalo. Ezinye zezi zingcolisi zivela kwimveliso yephepha kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo:
- Ukukhutshwa kwamashishini: Amaphepha okusila akhupha izinto ezifana nekharbon diokside, initrogen oxide kunye necarbon monoxide. Ezi zinto zingcolisayo zinegalelo elikhulu kutshintsha kwe mozulu, ekubeni baqinisa i-greenhouse effect, banegalelo ekubunjweni kwenkungu, imvula ye-asidi kunye nokwandisa izifo zokuphefumula kubantu.
- Ukucoca ngephepha: Ukuze iincwadi zibe nephepha elimhlophe, iklorini isetyenziselwa inkqubo yokuxutywa kwebleach. iidioxins, i-carcinogens eyaziwayo eqhubekayo kakhulu kwindalo kwaye inokuqokelela kwikhonkco lokutya.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye namanzi: Xa kuthelekiswa ne e-ncwadi, iincwadi ezishicilelweyo zisebenzisa izinto ezikrwada ngokuphindwe kathathu yaye zifuna amanzi aphindwe kasixhenxe, nto leyo ebangela ukuba anqabe ngakumbi kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yee-e-books
Ngokuchaseneyo neencwadi zamaphepha, iincwadi ze-e-ncwadi zihlala zithathwa njengokhetho oluzinzileyo. Nangona kunjalo, zikwanazo neempembelelo ezibalulekileyo zokusingqongileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Okulandelayo, siya kuhlalutya iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanyekayo ekwenziweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwayo:
- Ukukhutshwa kweeminerali: Ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zombane ezifana ne-e-readers kubandakanya ukukhutshwa kweeminerali ezinqabileyo, ezifana ne-cobalt kunye ne-lithium. Le nkqubo idla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nokungqubana kwiindawo ezinemigodi, njengoko kunjalo nge-coltan e-Afrika.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla: Nangona i-e-books ayifuni phepha, amandla asetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo kunye nokugcina iiseva ezigcina iifayile zedijithali zinkulu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-45% yendawo engqongileyo yesixhobo ivela kwimveliso yaso, ngelixa i-55% eseleyo kuthiwa iyasetyenziswa. Ngokwezifundo, amandla asetyenziswa ngamaseva kunye nokugcinwa kwamafu abalulekile, kwaye ayaqhubeka nokukhula.
- Ukuphelelwa lixesha: Nangona izixhobo zokufunda zedijithali zinokubamba amawaka ezihloko, ubomi bazo buhlala bulinganiselwe, malunga neminyaka emithathu. Emva kwelo xesha, uninzi lwezi zixhobo ziphelela kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma, nto leyo enegalelo kwingxaki yenkunkuma. inkunkuma ye-elektroniki.
Uthelekiso phakathi kwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo yencwadi eprintiweyo kunye ne-e-book
Uthelekiso phakathi kweempembelelo zokusingqongileyo zeencwadi eziprintiweyo kunye ne-e-books zixhomekeke kakhulu ekubeni zingaphi iincwadi ezifundwayo kunye neendlela zokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwakhona. Nazi ezinye zezinto eziphambili ozithathayo ezisekwe kuphononongo lwakutsha nje:
- Imveliso yeCO2: Ukuprinta incwadi enoqweqwe oluqinileyo emalunga nama-300 amaphepha enza malunga I-1,2 kg ye-CO2. Kwangaxeshanye, kuqikelelwa ukuba ukwenza isixhobo sokufunda sombane kuvelisa i-carbon footprint malunga I-168 kg ye-CO2, nto leyo elingana nokuveliswa kweencwadi zephepha ezingaphezu kwama-22.
- Imbuyekezo yempembelelo: Ukuze impembelelo ye-e-book ibe ngaphantsi kweencwadi eziprintiweyo, ubuncinane Iincwadi ezingama-33 XNUMX ngonyaka kwisixhobo sokufunda sedijithali.
Ukuzinza kunye neendlela zokupapasha i-eco
Njengoko ulwazi lozinzo lusanda, ishishini lopapasho lamkela izenzo ezinoxanduva lokusingqongileyo. I i-ecodition Ivela njengenye indlela yokuveliswa kweencwadi ngoku. Le ndlela igxile ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo ukusuka kuyilo lwencwadi de ifikelele kumfundi.
Eminye yemigaqo ephambili yokupapasha i-eco ibandakanya:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwephepha elisetyenzisiweyo: Bayanda abavakalisi abasebenzisa iphepha elihlaziyiweyo kwizihloko zabo. Oku kunciphisa isidingo sokugawula imithi kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nombane kwinkqubo yokuvelisa.
- Shicilela ngokwemfuno: Abapapashi nabo baqalisa ukutshintshela kushicilelo-kwimfuno, indlela yokunciphisa imbuyekezo yeencwadi ezingathengiswanga kwaye inqanda ukuveliswa ngokugqithisileyo.
- Uthutho olulungiselelweyo: La Imibhalo yenyawo yekhabhoni Ukuthuthwa kweencwadi kunokuncitshiswa ngokukhetha iindlela zokubonelela ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuveliswa kwendawo, okunciphisa umgama ekufuneka imveliso ihambe ngaphambi kokuba ifike kumthengi wokugqibela.
Nangona i-eco-publishing isekumanqanaba okuqala, kuyacaca ukuba imele inyathelo elibalulekileyo ekunciphiseni i-carbon footprint yeshishini lokushicilela. Lo mzamo wentsebenziswano phakathi kwabapapashi, abashicileli kunye nabafundi unokwenza umahluko wokwenyani kwimpembelelo yokusingqongileyo yopapasho lwamaphepha.
Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kweencwadi ngamaphulo afana ne ukuwela iincwadi okanye ukuthengwa kweencwadi ezisetyenzisiweyo nako kudlala indima ephambili. Ezi zenzo zivumela ukuba incwadi enye ifundwe ngabantu abaninzi, isasaza impembelelo yayo yokusingqongileyo kubasebenzisi abaninzi kunye nokunciphisa imfuno yokushicilela okutsha.
Ingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga nokuba yeyiphi inketho ebhetele kwindalo esingqongileyo, iincwadi eziprintiweyo okanye ii-e-books, isavuliwe. Konke kuxhomekeke kwimikhwa yokufunda kunye nezigqibo ezizinzileyo esizenzayo kwinkqubo yonke.
Oku kubi kakhulu, ayinalo ulwazi olwaneleyo, ukuze ilayishwe, kulungile.
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