Kwilizwe lamandla kukho iindlela ngeendlela zokuvelisa umbane. Ingasetyenziswa ifosili yeefuweli (ioli, amalahle, igesi yendalo ...) ukuvelisa amandla ombane ngeendlela ezininzi. Ingxaki yokuzisebenzisa lungcoliseko eziluvelisayo nokuba zizixhobo ezinqongopheleyo. Sinokufumana amandla ngokusebenzisa Imithombo evuselelekayo njengelanga, umoya, i-geothermal okanye i-hydraulic, ngaloo ndlela ukukhathalela okusingqongileyo kuba ezi zinto azipheli.
Ngaphandle komthombo wamandla osetyenziswayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kubalulekile kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla. Okukhona ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kokukhona siya kuzisebenzisa ngcono izixhobo kwaye sivelise isixa esikhulu samandla asemgangathweni. Inkqubo ebalaseleyo ekusebenzeni kwayo okuphezulu kukuba ukuzalwa ngokutsha.
Yintoni inzala?
I-Cogeneration yinkqubo yokuvelisa amandla kakhulu, evelisa ngaxeshanye amandla ombane kunye namandla obushushu, ukwenza uninzi lwawona mandla aphambili asetyenziswayo, aqhele ukuvela ekutshisweni kwamafutha efosili njengerhasi yendalo okanye ioyile.
Le nkqubo isebenze kakhulu kuneenkqubo zokuvelisa eziqhelekileyo, njengoko ingavelisi umbane kuphela, kodwa isebenzisa ubushushu obuveliswe ngexesha lenkqubo, obunokuthi buchithe. Oku kuguqulela kuphuculo olubonakalayo ekusetyenzisweni kobutyebi bendalo.
Izibonelelo zokuzibandakanya
Inzuzo ephambili yokudibanisa yinto yayo ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Ngokusebenzisa ubushushu ukuvelisa amandla ashushu, imfuno yofakelo olongezelelweyo njengamabhoyili aqhelekileyo ayaphetshwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba endaweni yokulawula iinkqubo ezimbini ezizimeleyo (enye ukuvelisa umbane kunye nokufudumala), ukudibanisa kusombulula zombini iimfuno kwinkqubo enye.
Olunye uncedo olubalulekileyo kukuba ukuhlangana kunokwenziwa kufutshane kwindawo yokusetyenziswa, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla kwezothutho. Ezi lahleko, ezinokuthi kuthungelwano lombane oluqhelekileyo zinokuhluka phakathi kwe-25% kunye ne-30%, zincitshiswe kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokuhlanganiswa kwe-decentralized cogeneration.
Ngokwemeko yokusingqongileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle okukhulu kukwaguqulela ekunciphiseni Ukukhutshwa kwe CO2 kunye nezinye iigesi ezingcolisayo. Ukuba ubushushu benkunkuma bukwasetyenziselwa ukupholisa (ukwenza unxantathu), ukusebenza kakuhle kuye kuphuculwe ngakumbi.
Izinto zokuzibandakanya
Inkqubo yokudibanisa yenziwe ngezinto ezininzi ezisebenza kunye ukufezekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu:
- Umthombo wamandla osisiseko: Ngokuqhelekileyo ngamafutha e-fossil afana negesi yendalo, nangona i-biogas okanye i-biomethane nayo ingasetyenziswa kwizicelo ezithile.
- isiguquli samandla oomatshini: Irhasi, iiinjini zomphunga okanye ii-injini eziphindaphindayo ziguqula amandla ekhemikhali ezibaso zibe ngamandla oomatshini.
- Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu: Iibhoyila, izitshintshi zobushushu okanye izomisi zibuyisela ubushushu obuveliswe kwinkqubo.
- Inkqubo yefriji: Xa inxalenye yamandla e-thermal ingasetyenziswanga, inkqubo yokupholisa (iinqaba zokupholisa okanye i-aerocondensers) isetyenziswa.
Iindidi zezityalo zokuzibandakanya
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo ezidibanisayo ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezizisebenzisayo ukuguqula amandla okuqala:
- Iplanti yenjini yegesi: Sebenzisa igesi yendalo, idizili okanye i-oyile yamafutha. Banikezela ngobuchule obuphezulu kwimveliso yombane, kodwa bengasebenzi kakuhle kwimveliso yobushushu.
- Iplanti ye-injini yegesi: I-thermal energy ye-exhaust gases ifumaneka ngokulula, engasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umphunga.
- Iplanti yeinjini yomphunga: Isebenzisa ukwandiswa komphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuqhuba iiinjini zomoya kunye nokuvelisa umbane.
- Isityalo somjikelezo odibeneyo: Isebenzisa zombini iiturbines zegesi kunye nomphunga ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo.
Izibonelelo zokuzibandakanya
I-Cogeneration ivelisa uthotho lweenzuzo ezinokuhlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu ezibanzi:
- Izibonelelo zelizwe kunye noluntu: Ukongiwa kombane okuphambili, ukuncitshiswa kokukhutshwa kwezinto ezingcolisekileyo, ukudalwa kwemisebenzi kunye nophuhliso lommandla.
- IiNzuzo zoMsebenzisi: Ukusebenza okuthe kratya, ukuncitshiswa kweendleko zamandla, ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokwanda kokhuphiswano lwemizi-mveliso.
- Izibonelelo zenkampani yombane: Ukuphepha ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zokuhambisa amandla, kunye nokuphucula ucwangciso lokubonelela ngombane.
Ngokukwazi kwayo ukuvelisa umbane kunye nobushushu ngaxeshanye, ukuhlanganiswa kuhlala kuyinketho ephambili kuphuhliso lobuchwepheshe bamandla obuzinzileyo. Ithuba lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa, ukunciphisa iindleko zamandla kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenza le nkqubo ibe sisisombululo esibanzi kumashishini, amakhaya kunye namaziko asezidolophini anemfuno ephezulu yamandla.