Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi ngakumbi bakhetha ukusebenzisa iimveliso ze-organic kwaye bamkele imikhwa enempilo. Le ntshukumo ivela ekuqondeni okukhulayo malunga nobukho beekhemikhali, ezininzi zazo zinetyhefu, ekutyeni esikuthengayo kwiivenkile ezinkulu kunye neminye imiba yemihla ngemihla yobomi bethu. Noko ke, into abaninzi abayihoyayo yileyo ikhaya lethu linokuba ngumthombo wezinto eziyingozi ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziqulethe iikhemikhali eziyingozi.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, ezi zinto zinetyhefu azikho kuphela ekutyeni okanye kungcoliseko lomoya, kodwa nakwindawo izinto zokwakha esetyenziswa kumakhaya ethu. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo yisamente, esetyenziswa kakhulu kulwakhiwo lwezindlu kwaye inokuqulatha iintsimbi ezinzima ezifana nechromium kunye nezinc. Ipeyinti esekwe kwi-petroleum kunye neevanishi nazo zikhupha iikhompawundi eziguqukayo ezifana ne-toluene kunye ne-xylene, zonakalise umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi.
Kukule meko ke apho i bioconstruction, enye indlela efuna ukuyila amakhaya anempilo, i-ecological kunye ne-energy-energy, usebenzisa izinto zendalo ezingazuzisi nje indawo engqongileyo, kodwa zinefuthe elihle kwimpilo yabantu abahlala kuyo.
Amakhaya endalo: Impilo, intuthuzelo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle
Ikhaya le-ecological alibonakali nje ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto zendalo, kodwa lithatha inzuzo yeenzuzo uyilo lwe-bioclimatic kunye nokuphunyezwa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Olu hlobo lolwakhiwo luvumela amakhaya ukuba aziqhelanise neemeko zemozulu zemo engqongileyo, aphucule ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezifana nokukhanya kwelanga, umoya wendalo kunye namanzi emvula. Konke oku kuthetha ukuba mkhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, ukugcinwa kwezoqoqosho kunye nokunciphisa okubonakalayo kwimpembelelo yendalo yezindlu.
Uyilo lweBioclimatic Ibalulekile kulwakhiwo lwebhayoloji, kuba isivumela ukuba sinciphise okanye siphelise imfuneko yeenkqubo zokupholisa umoya ezenziweyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Emva koko, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ezifana nemithi, ilitye kunye nemicu yezityalo, ziyindalo, zihlaziywa kwaye zivela kwimithombo yendawo, enciphisa i-ecological footprint yeprojekthi kuzo zonke izigaba zayo: ukusuka ekutsalweni kwezinto ukuya ekupheleni kwayo luncedo. ubomi.
Phakathi kwezinto eziphambili eziluncedo kula makhaya zezi:
- Intuthuzelo yangaphakathi ingcono ngokubulela kwizinto zendalo, ezikwalawula ubushushu kunye nokufuma ngokufanelekileyo.
- Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezinobuthi kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo.
- Ithuba lokudibanisa iinkqubo umoya ovuselelekayo, ezifana neepaneli zelanga okanye iinkqubo zokuqokelelwa kwamanzi emvula.
Yintoni ekufuneka siyithathele ingqalelo kwisakhiwo esiluhlaza?
Ukucwangcisa iprojekthi yolwakhiwo lwebhayoloji kufuna, ngaphezu kwako konke, ukuba neengcebiso ze ingcali ye-ecoarchitecture. Nangona abakhi bezakhiwo eziqhelekileyo benomyalelo olungileyo weendlela zokwakha eziqhelekileyo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ingcali ekhethekileyo kolu hlobo lweprojekthi, njengoko isebe elahlukileyo kulwakhiwo.
Omnye umba ophambili kukwenza a isifundo sejogoloji yomhlaba, kuba iya kuvumela ukuchonga utshintsho lwendalo olunokwenzeka olufana iimpazamo zejoloji, imisinga yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, imihlaba ye-electromagnetic okubangelwa iintambo zamandla ezikufutshane okanye izikhululo zeefowuni eziphathwayo, kunye nobukho obunokwenzeka be irhasi yeradon kwindawo. Oku kuya kunciphisa imingcipheko enokuthi ivele ngexesha lolwakhiwo okanye kwixesha elide, ukuqinisekisa ikhaya elisempilweni elingenaziphazamiso.
Ngolwazi oluqokelelweyo kunye nokulungelelanisa uyilo kwiimfuno zabanini bexesha elizayo, sinokuqhubela phambili neprojekthi. Into ephambili kukuhlala udibanisa zonke izigaba zeprojekthi kunye neendlela zozinzo engqondweni.
Izinto zendalo kwi-bioconstruction
Enye yeentsika ezisisiseko ze-bioconstruction lukhetho lwe izinto. Ezi kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigaqo yokuzinza, impilo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Phakathi kwezinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zezi:
1. Iinkuni: Ilungele izakhiwo kunye nokugqiba. Sisixhobo esinokuhlaziywa xa sivela kwiifama ezilawulwayo neziqinisekisiweyo ezifana neFSC. Ukongeza, ineempawu ezigqwesileyo ze-insulating kwaye iyimathiriyeli eguquguqukayo kakhulu malunga noyilo.
2. I-Adobe kunye nomhlaba onqanyuliweyo (umhlaba odibeneyo): Ezi zixhobo zakudala zisivumela ukuba senze izakhiwo ezisebenza kakuhle ngokufudumeza umzimba kunye nokuqina okukhulu. Ukongezelela, kulula ukuzigcina kwaye zivumela iindonga ukuba ziphefumle.
3. Ilitye: Sesinye sezixhobo ezihlala ixesha elide ezinokuziphatha okuhle ngokuchasene ne-thermal inertia, egcina amakhaya epholile ehlotyeni kwaye eshushu ebusika.
4. Ukugqunywa kwendalo: Zibalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokushushu kwekhaya. Phakathi kwezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu yi-cellulose, i-fiber yomthi kunye ne-cork, ngenxa yeempawu zabo ze-thermal kunye ne-acoustic. Ezi zixhobo zivumela ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwaye zikhululekile ngokupheleleyo kwizinto ezinobuthi.
5. Iintsinga zemifuno: Ilinen, i-hemp okanye i-straw zezinye izithinteli zendalo ezithi, ukongeza kuhlaziyo kunye ne-biodegradable, zibonelela ngokugqwesa komoya.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yezinto zokwakha
I-Bioconstruction yahlulwa yindlela ebanzi yoku umjikelo wobomi yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ayikokwakha ngobutyebi bendalo kuphela, kodwa ikwamalunga nokuvavanya indlela eziyichaphazela ngayo indalo esingqongileyo ukusuka ekutsalweni kwazo ukuya ekulahlweni kwazo okokugqibela okanye ukusetyenziswa kwakhona. Ukusebenzisa izinto ezinjengomthi okanye i-adobe akuncedi kuphela ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa, kodwa kwakhona kukhuthaza uqoqosho lwesetyhula apho inkunkuma eveliswayo incinci kwaye izibonelelo zisetyenziselwa ubuninzi.
Izinto ezintsha zokwakha ezenziweyo neziqhelekileyo zenze iindleko eziphezulu zokusingqongileyo, kwaye kaninzi baneengxaki ezifana Ityhefu, ukuswela ukubila kunye Ukuphazamiseka kwentsimi ye-electromagnetic. Kwelinye icala, i-bioconstruction isekelwe ekusebenziseni izinto eziqinisekisa intuthuzelo yomhlali, kodwa kunye nokhuseleko lwexesha elide kunye nokuzinza.
Iprojekthi ye-Bala-box: umzekelo we-ecological bioconstruction
Inyathelo laseSpain elibalaseleyo kwicandelo lolwakhiwo lwebhayoloji Iprojekthi yeBala-box, equka indlu encinci eyenziwe ngayo iinkuni ezenziwe kwangaphambili kunye neebloko zeendiza. Esi siphakamiso sibonisa indlela i-bioconstruction inokufikeleleka ngayo, isempilweni kwaye isebenze kakuhle. Ezi ntlobo zezakhiwo azigcini nje ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, kodwa nazo amandla awonga kakhulu. Ubuchule obusetyenzisiweyo kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto kuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ebalulekileyo ye-bioconstruction izaliseka ngokugqibeleleyo, ukusuka ekukhethweni kwezinto eziphathekayo kwi-design bioclimatic.
Ngokukhula kwesidingo samakhaya azinzileyo, endalo kunye nasempilweni, i-bioconstruction iyaqhubeka ukuzibeka njengeyona ndlela isebenzayo nefunwayo kwicandelo loyilo lwangoku. Kunye ne-bioclimatics, iqinisekisa ukuqina, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nefuthe elincinci kokusingqongileyo.
Utyalo-mali kolu hlobo lolwakhiwo kuthetha ukuqinisekisa ulungelelwaniso phakathi kophuhliso kunye nentlonipho yendawo yethu yendalo, ngelixa unikezela ngendawo yokuhlala enempilo nesebenzayo kwixesha elide.