Ulwandle ngomnye wemithombo enamandla kakhulu kwaye engasetyenziswanga yamandla ahlaziyekayo. Phakathi kwawo onke amandla ahlaziyekayo, lawo afunyanwa kubuncwane baselwandle abalasele ngamandla awo. Isizathu sokusebenza kwazo kakuhle kukuba njengoko ziziindawo ezinkulu ezivulekileyo, njengolwandle, azijongani nemiqobo okanye izithunzi ezithintela umoya okanye imisinga, evumela ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezi zixhobo. Ngezantsi, sichaza iinkcukacha eziphambili zemithombo yamandla olwandle kunye nemeko yangoku yophuhliso lwabo.
Umoya wonxweme
La Amandla omoya onxweme Yenye yezona teknoloji ziphuhliswe kakhulu kwaye zikhuphisana kumandla olwandle. Ekupheleni kuka-2009, umthamo ofakiweyo wamandla omoya ovela kude nonxweme ufikelele kuma-2.063 MW. IDenmark kunye ne-United Kingdom zikhokela eli candelo, kodwa amazwe afana neTshayina aqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza, etyala imali kwitekhnoloji ye-cutting-edge ukunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kweeinjini zomoya ezingaselunxwemeni.
Amandla omoya ovela ngaselunxwemeni mkhulu kakhulu, ngakumbi kunzulu olwandle, apho iiinjini zomoya ezidadayo zizuza umhlaba. Inzuzo yezi ndawo kukuba imimoya izinzile kwaye ikumgangatho ophezulu ngenxa yokungabikho kwemiqobo efana neentaba okanye izakhiwo, ezivumela ukuveliswa kwamandla okuqhubekayo.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-80% yemithombo yomoya yeplanethi ibekwe elwandle, nto leyo eyenza obu bugcisa bube ngundoqo kwikamva lamandla ahlaziyekayo. Ngaphezu koko, i amaqonga adadayo Zisisisombululo sokuthatha ithuba lemimoya kwiindawo ezinzulu zolwandle, ukunyusa ukukhula kolu shishino.
Umzekelo wolu phuhliso yipaki ekude nonxweme Hywind, efumaneka kuLwandle lwaseNyakatho i-25 km ukusuka kunxweme lwaseSkotlani, esebenzisa ii-injini zomoya ezidadayo. Ezi ntlobo zezisombululo kulindeleke ukuba zande ngokubanzi kwixesha elizayo elikufutshane.
Amandla amaza
La amandla amaza o Amandla amaza asebenzisa intshukumo yamaza kumphezulu wamanzi ukuvelisa umbane. Nangona isekwizigaba zovavanyo, obu bugcisa bunamandla amakhulu, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinamaza anamandla afana nonxweme lweAtlantiki yaseYurophu.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zetekhnoloji ekuphuhlisweni ukubamba la mandla:
- Uluhlu lwaManzi aJikizayo (OWC): Iprojekthi entsha esebenzisa le teknoloji iphuhliswa kwiLizwe laseBasque. Iqukethe ikholomu engaphantsi kwamanzi apho ukuhamba kwamaza kucinezela umoya oqulethwe kwikholomu, ohambisa i-turbine eyenza umbane.
- Attenuators kunye absorbers: Ezi zixhobo zibamba ukuhamba kwamaza kwaye ziguqule amandla omatshini, athi emva koko aguqulwe abe ngumbane.
- Iinkqubo eziphuphumayo kunye neziphelisi: Ezi nkqubo zithatha ithuba lempembelelo yamaza kwisakhiwo sokuvelisa umbane.
E-Motrico (eSpain), ii-turbines ezininzi zamaza sele zifakiwe ezivelisa ukuya kwi-296 kW, ebonisa ukuba amandla amaza yinyani ekhulayo kwintsimi yokuhlaziywa.
Amandla eTidal
La Amandla olwandle Iveliswa ngokuthatha ithuba lokunyuka nokuwa kwamaza. Uninzi lweenkqubo zangoku zamaza amaza zisekelwe ekwakhiweni kwedama elenza indawo yokugcina amanzi endalo. Ebudeni bokuphakama kwamaza, amanzi azalise eli dama yaye kamva, njengoko umsinga uphuma, amanzi aphuma ngee turbines ezivelisa umbane.
Omnye weyona mizekelo midala kwaye mikhulu yobu buchwepheshe sisiziko samandla samanzi La Rance eFransi, ebisebenza ukusukela ngo-1966. Nangona ezi nkqubo zinezithintelo, ezifana nemfuneko yokuba amaza abe ziimitha ezi-5 ubuncinane kunye nokuguqulwa okunokwenzeka kwenkqubo yendalo engaselunxwemeni, iseyindlela esebenzayo kwiindawo ezinamaza amakhulu. ISouth Korea nayo inezixhobo ezifanayo.
Amandla avela kwimisinga yolwandle
Enye indlela yokufumana amandla elwandle kukusebenzisa imisinga yolwandle. Njengamandla omoya, lo mthombo usebenzisa amandla entshukumo eqhubekayo yamanzi ukuhambisa iiinjini zomoya eziphantsi kwamanzi ezivelisa umbane. Owona mzekelo umelweyo yinkqubo SeaGen, iturbine yaselwandle ebekwe eStrangford Strait. Le nkqubo inokuvelisa ukuya kutsho kwi-1,2 MW ngosuku, nto leyo eyenza ibe yenye yeeprojekthi zamandla olwandle asebenzayo ngoku.
Nangona iSpeyin ingenayo imimandla enemisinga yolwandle efanelekileyo yolu hlobo lweprojekthi, ezinye iindawo, ezifana neStrait yaseGibraltar kunye nonxweme lwaseGalician, zinokubamba olu hlobo lwezixhobo kwixesha elizayo.
Ithambeka lobushushu bolwandle
Lo mthombo wamandla usekelwe kumahluko wobushushu phakathi komphezulu wolwandle namanzi anzulu. Kwimimandla etshisayo kunye ne-ikhweyitha, apho umahluko ungadlula i-20ºC, ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane. Inkqubo isebenzisa umjikelo we-thermodynamic, njenge Umjikelo weRankine, ukuhambisa i-injini yokuvelisa.
Nangona obu bugcisa bukwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso, amazwe afana neIndiya, iJapan kunye neHawaii atyala imali kuphando ngezi zityalo zikhula emanzini.
Ithayimdi yetyuwa kunye noxinzelelo lwe-osmotic
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-saline gradient, eyaziwa ngokuba amandla aluhlaza, isekelwe kumahluko wokugxilwa kwetyuwa phakathi kwamanzi olwandle kunye nemilambo. Ngenkqubo ye-osmosis, lo mahluko uvelisa amandla anokuguqulwa abe ngumbane. ENorway, esinye sezixhobo zokuqala zamandla e-osmotic siyaphuhliswa kwi-Oslo Fjord.
Ukusetyenziswa kobu buchwepheshe bunamandla amakhulu, kuba imilambo kunye needelta zemilambo ezijikeleze iplanethi zibonelela ngamathuba amaninzi okuphunyezwa kwazo.
Nangona ulwandle lunikezela ngemithombo yamandla emininzi enamandla kakhulu, uninzi lobuchwepheshe obuthatha ithuba kubo busekwinqanaba lophando okanye lophuhliso. Imeko eyahlukileyo ngamandla omoya ophuma elunxwemeni, asele ekhulile ngokwethekhinoloji kunye nokhuphiswano kwimarike.
Imiqobo engundoqo kuphuhliso olukhulu lwamandla olwandle ziindleko eziphezulu zokuphunyezwa kunye nesidingo sokuqhubeka sihambela phambili kubuchwepheshe ukuqinisekisa imveliso esebenzayo nezinzileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ikamva lamandla ahlaziyekayo liya kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwinkqubela phambili eyenziwe kweli candelo.