
Ngokuqinisekileyo ngaxa lithile bakuchazele ukuba yintoni umjikelo wamanzi, loo nkqubo isisiseko eyenzeka emhlabeni kwizigidi zeminyaka. Kodwa ngaba ngokwenene siyazazi zonke izigaba zayo? Ukusukela xa amanzi egaqa ngendlela yemvula, ikhephu okanye isichotho, de ajike abe ngumphunga kwakhona enze amafu, umjikelo wamanzi udlala indima ebalulekileyo, hayi kubukho bethu kuphela, kodwa kukulungelelana kwe-ecosystem. Inqanaba ngalinye limele ikhonkco kwikhonkco elivumela ubomi ukuba buqhubeke nekhondo labo kwiplanethi.
Ngaba unomdla wokufumanisa ngokweenkcukacha ukubaluleka kwalo mjikelo ubalulekileyo? Okulandelayo, siya kuhlalutya inqanaba ngalinye lomjikelo wamanzi, sijonge ekusebenzeni kwayo kunye nokubaluleka kobomi emhlabeni.
Yintoni umjikelo wamanzi?
Umjikelo wamanzi, okwaziwa ngokuba ngumjikelo we-hydrological, yinkqubo eqhubekayo apho amanzi ahamba eMhlabeni nakwiatmosfera. Ebudeni balo mjikelo, amanzi afumana utshintsho lobume phakathi kolwelo, okuqinileyo (umkhenkce), kunye negesi (umphunga wamanzi). Ayinaso isiqalo okanye isiphelo, kuba yinto ye-cyclic, kodwa sinokuchaza ukusebenza kwayo ngokufanisa "ukuqala" ukusuka elwandle, apho ubuninzi be-evaporation buvela khona.
Umjikelo wamanzi yi-injini egcina ubomi eMhlabeni, njengoko ibonelela ngamanzi kuzo zombini izinto eziphilayo kunye ne-ecosystem. Ngaphandle kwalo mjikelo, uMhlaba ubuya kuba sisijikelezi-langa esingumqwebedu nesingenabume. Amandla elanga awona mandla okuqhuba kulo mjikelo, ukufudumeza amanzi olwandle, amachibi kunye nemilambo, kunye nokuvumela ukujikeleza kwamanzi rhoqo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuwuqonda nzulu umjikelo wamanzi kubalulekile ekuxabiseni nasekukhuseleni obu butyebi bendalo, njengoko buyimfuneko njengoko bulinganiselwe.
Amanqanaba omjikelo wamanzi
Umjikelo wamanzi ubunjwa ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo, ngalinye linendima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusasazwa kwamanzi kwisijikelezi-langa. Ngezantsi, siza kunika iinkcukacha nzulu ngalinye kula manqanaba:
1. Ukuba ngumphunga
La ngumphunga Yinkqubo apho amanzi asuka kulwelo aye kwindawo enegesi. Le nto yenzeka xa ubushushu belanga bufikelela emanzini afana nolwandle, imilambo okanye amachibi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amanzi abe ngumphunga, anyuke aye kwiatmosfera abe ngumphunga.
Umba onomdla kukuba izityalo nazo zinegalelo kule nkqubo ngokuthi umbilo, ikhupha umphunga wamanzi kumagqabi awo. Enyanisweni, inxalenye ebalulekileyo yamanzi anyukela kwi-atmosfera ivela kule nkqubo idibeneyo, eyaziwa ngokuba umphumo wenguqu.
Nangona lo mphunga ungabonakali, umlinganiselo wamanzi aphuphumayo mihla le mkhulu kakhulu. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ubushushu kunye nokugcina ukulingana kwamanzi.
2. Ukujiya
Emva kokufikelela kumaleko aphezulu omoya, umphunga wamanzi uyaphola kwaye uguquke ube ngamathontsi amanzi amancinci, into eyaziwa ngokuba amafu. Le nkqubo inoxanduva lokwenziwa kwamafu kunye nenkungu.
Amathontsi amanzi abumbayo afuna i-condensation nuclei, njengothuli okanye amasuntswana etyuwa, ukuze adibane aze enze. Njengoko la mathontsi eqhubeka ekhula yaye namafu esiba ngqingqwa, siya kwisigaba esilandelayo somjikelo.
3. Imvula
Xa amathontsi amanzi efini eba makhulu ngokwaneleyo, awela eMhlabeni ngendlela a imvula. Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zemvula yimvula, ikhephu, isichotho neqabaka. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiqondo lobushushu bomoya, amanzi aya kuwela kwindawo engamanzi okanye eqinileyo.
Kwiindawo ezibanda kakhulu, imvula iyenzeka kwindawo eqinile, njengekhephu okanye isichotho, kodwa xa iqondo lokushisa liphakama kwakhona okanye lincibilika, umjikelezo uyaqhubeka nokubuyiswa kwamanzi ngendlela yolwelo kwimilambo, amachibi kunye nolwandle.
4. Ukungeniswa
Amanye amanzi avela kwimvula akabuyeli ngokukhawuleza elwandle, kodwa kunjalo ingena ngaphakathi emhlabeni. Apha, amanzi anokufunxwa zizityalo okanye agcinwe ngaphantsi komhlaba njengamanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Le maleko engaphantsi komhlaba, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-aquifers, yenza uvimba obalulekileyo wamanzi kwimimandla emininzi yesi sijikelezi-langa.
Ukungena kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nokungena komhlaba kunye nobukho bezityalo. Kwimihlaba evuzayo kakhulu, amanzi angakwazi ukungena ngokulula, ngelixa kumhlaba odibeneyo okanye ogqunywe ngezinto ezifana ne-asphalt, ukungena kuncinci.
5. Umphezulu obalekayo
Amanzi angangeneleli emhlabeni ahamba phezu komhlaba njenge umphezulu obalekayo. La manzi aqukuqela emilanjeni nakwimisinga, ehambisa intlenga ukuya elwandle naselwandle. Ukukhutshwa yinkqubo ephambili yokwenziwa komfuziselo womhlaba kunye nokusasazwa kwezondlo kwi-ikhosistim.
Kwimimandla enemvula enkulu, ukugijima kungakhokelela ekukhukulayo, kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokulawula ngokufanelekileyo imithombo yamanzi kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezikhusela iintlekele zendalo.
Ezinye iinkqubo zesibini zomjikelo wamanzi
Ukongeza kwizigaba eziphambili esizikhankanyileyo, kukho ezinye iinkqubo zesibini ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo kumjikelezo wamanzi:
- Ukusasazwa ngaphantsi komhlaba: Amanzi angenileyo angajikeleza ngaphantsi komhlaba, etyisa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye nemithombo. La manzi aphantsi komhlaba ayimfuneko ukuze kubekho amanzi okusela kwimimandla emininzi.
- Umbilo: Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, izityalo zikhupha amanzi amaninzi kwi-atmosfera, enegalelo ekubunjweni kwamafu kunye nokulawulwa kwemozulu.
- Thaw: Ukunyibilika komkhenkce neepaki zekhephu entlakohlaza kufak’ isandla ngokuphawulekayo kumjikelo wamanzi, ukubonelela ngamanzi emilanjeni nasemachibini ebudeni beenyanga ezifudumeleyo.
Ukubaluleka komjikelo wamanzi
Umjikelo wamanzi ubalulekile ekulondolozweni kobomi eMhlabeni. Ngale nkqubo, amanzi asasazwa ngokuqhubekayo kuyo yonke i-ikhosistim, evumela izityalo, izilwanyana kunye nabantu ukuba bafikelele kobu butyebi bubalulekileyo. Ukongezelela, umjikelo wamanzi udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni imozulu, ukusasazwa kwezondlo, nokhukuliseko lomhlaba.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba umjikelo wamanzi awukhululwa kwiinguqu. I ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, i kutshintsha kwe mozulu kunye nemisebenzi yabantu inokuchaphazela ngokunzulu ukulungelelaniswa komjikelo, kubangela imbalela, izikhukhula kunye notshintsho kwiipatheni zemvula.
Ukuqonda umjikelo wamanzi kunye nokubaluleka kwawo akusivumeli nje kuphela ukuba siwuxabise lo mthombo, kodwa kusimema ukuba sithathe amanyathelo okuwugcina kwaye siwukhusele kwiingozi ezinokubakho.
Umjikelo wamanzi, nangona uyinkqubo yendalo ebonakala ingenakuphela, ubukhulu becala uxhomekeke kwizenzo zethu. Ulawulo lwamanzi oluzinzileyo kunye nolondolozo lwendalo yethu lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba lo mjikelo uyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwixesha elizayo.
Ndilithandile inqaku lenu. Ibonisa kakhulu.
Kubonakala ngathi inqaku lokugqibela lilahlekile: Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kwihlabathi liphela.
Enkosi kakhulu ngokusikhanyisela kwesi sihloko sinomdla.
Enkosi kakhulu ngokufunda kwakho! Ndiyabulisa!