Imfuno ye umbona otyheli iyaqhubeka ukwanda minyaka le kwaye enye yezicelo zayo eziphambili namhlanje ukuveliswa kwe-biofuel. I-Biofuels ngumthombo wamandla ohlaziyekayo okhuthazwa njengesisombululo kwiingxaki zokuxhomekeka kwamandla kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Nangona kunjalo, olu setyenziso ludala ukhuphiswano oluthe ngqo kunye nemveliso yokutya, eye yaphakamisa inkxalabo malunga neziphumo zayo kwi ukhuseleko lokutya.
Ifuthe le-biofuels kukhuseleko lokutya
Kwingxelo yeFAO «Ixesha elizayo lokutya kunye nezolimo: Iindlela kunye nemiceli mngeni«I-FAO yenza uhlalutyo olunzulu lwempembelelo eya kuba nayo icandelo lezolimo kunye namandla kwixesha elizayo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2050, imveliso yezolimo kufuneka inyuke nge 50% ukukwazi ukwanelisa zombini imfuno yokutya kunye ne-biofuels. Oko kukuthi, ukunyuka kwemveliso yezolimo ekujoliswe kuyo kwi-biofuels ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuchaphazela ukufumaneka kokutya.
Iziphumo zokunikezela ngemimandla emikhulu yomhlaba ekulinyweni kwe-biofuel feedstocks zihlala zingalunganga kuzinzo lwamaxabiso okutya kunye ne-ecosystem yasekhaya. Ukhuphiswano phakathi ukutya kunye nemveliso yamafutha yenza uxinzelelo kwiimarike zezolimo, oluchaphazela ngqo iindleko kunye nokhuseleko lokutya. Kwimeko yombona, ubukhulu becala esetyenziselwa ukwenza i-ethanol, le ngxabano iye yanyusa amaxabiso kwaye yanciphisa inani lemveliso emiselwe ukusetyenziswa ngabantu okanye izilwanyana.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunye nokutshintsha kokusetyenziswa komhlaba
Engagqibekanga
Esinye seziphumo ezibi zokwanda kwemveliso yebiofuel kuku ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Ukuze kwabiwe iindawo ezininzi ekulinyweni kwezixhobo ze-biofuels, imimandla emininzi ibhenela ekugawuleni amahlathi. Oku kubangela impembelelo echaseneyo nokutshintsha kwemozulu, ekubeni imithi egawulweyo iyeka ukufunxa ikharbon diokside (CO2), igesi enamandla yegreenhouse.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imimandla eshushu kunye ne-subtropical ilahlekelwe yi-7 yezigidi zeehektare zehlathi ngonyaka, ngelixa indawo yezolimo iye yanda ngesantya se-6 yezigidi zeehektare ngonyaka, ngokwedatha ye-FAO. Isixa somhlaba osetyenziselwa ezolimo senzelwe, ubukhulu becala, ukuvelisa i-biofuels hayi ukuveliswa kokutya.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukunyusa imveliso ye-biofuel ayichaphazeli amahlathi kuphela, kodwa kwakhona izinto ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi kunye nobutyebi bamanzi, nto leyo eyenza mandundu iingxaki zezolimo kunye nokuzinza kwe-ecosystem.
Ukhuphiswano phakathi kwezityalo zokutya kunye ne-biofuels
IKomiti Yokhuseleko Lokutya Kwehlabathi (i-CFS) iye yalumkisa ngelokuba olu khuphiswano lukhulayo lokulima umhlaba lunokuba nempembelelo embi kumazwe angaphuhlanga kangako, apho izixhobo zokulima zilinganiselwe yaye abantu bathwaxwa bubuhlwempu nendlala. I-CFS igxininisa ukuba, ngakumbi ukususela ngo-2013, ukwabiwa komhlaba olungele ukulima ukutya ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso ye-biofuels kuye kwavelisa amandla. ukhuphiswano olungafanelekanga, nto leyo enokubangela iingxaki zentlalo nezokusingqongileyo.
Ukongeza kokubangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okutya, olu khuphiswano lomhlaba lunefuthe elithe ngqo kwi ubuhlwempu emaphandleni. Amafama amaninzi akhetha ukukhulisa i-feedstocks ukwenzela i-biofuels (enokuthi ibonelele ngemivuzo ephezulu) kunokutya, njengoko i-biofuels isoloko inenzuzo engakumbi ngenxa yenkxaso-mali karhulumente. Oku kunokukhokelela ekwehleni kwemveliso yokutya yasekhaya kwaye kwandiswe ukuxhomekeka ekuthengeni impahla kumazwe angaphandle ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokutya zabemi.
Izisombululo ezinokwenzeka: imigaqo-nkqubo yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha
Ayizizo zonke i-biofuels ezifanayo, zombini ngokwemiqathango ye ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ngokunjalo nefuthe kwezolimo nokhuseleko lokutya. Itekhnoloji ye isizukulwana sesibini, umzekelo, abasebenzisa inkunkuma yezolimo okanye i-biomass engenakudliwa, imele ithuba lokunciphisa ukhuphiswano phakathi kokutya kunye namandla. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphunyezwa kwayo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kusekumanqanaba okuqala ophuhliso.
Ukunciphisa ifuthe le-biofuels kukhuseleko lokutya, Imigaqo-nkqubo eyomeleleyo yamazwe ngamazwe iyafuneka ezilawula ukusetyenziswa komhlaba, ezikhuthaza uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe be-biofuel ephucukileyo kwaye ziququzelele utyalo-mali kulimo oluzinzileyo. Ezinye iinketho ziquka ukusetyenziswa kwe imihlaba ethotyiweyo ukulima i-biofuel okanye ukujikeleziswa kwezityalo okuvumela amafama ukuba alungelelanise imveliso yokutya kunye nemveliso yamandla.
Ikamva le-biofuels kufuneka lidityaniswe nendibaniselwano yobuchwepheshe obucocekileyo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yezolimo ezinzileyo ekhusela ukhuseleko lokutya kwihlabathi. Ukukhuthazwa kwee-biofuels kufuneka kwenziwe ngononophelo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo zombini amandla kunye neemfuno zokutya zokwanda kwabemi behlabathi.