Amandla avuselelekayo abonakalise ukuba luncedo kakhulu kwaye aguquguqukayo xa kuziwa ekuthatheni izimvo ezintsha kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Ubutsha obukhulu bezobuchwepheshe buphunyezwa namhlanje kwiimarike ngenxa yamandla avuselelekayo. Ukusuka kumashishini amancinci azimeleyo ngombane ukuya kwiindlela ezintsha zokusondela kumashishini ezolimo, la mandla anokuvela, avule amathuba ebekade engenakucingelwa ngaphambili.
Ngubani owayeza kuthi unakho khulisa iitumato embindini wentlango, ngaphandle kokungcolisa kwaye ngaphandle kokukhupha iigesi zegreenhouse emoyeni. Kaloku, oku sele kusenzeka ngenxa yefama yobuvulindlela eOstreliya. Ubuchwephesha obutsha buvumela nje kuphela ukulinywa kokutya kwiimeko ezinzima, kodwa zenza ngendlela ezinzileyo ngokupheleleyo.
Itekhnoloji emva kwempumelelo
Ubugcisa obusetyenziswa kule fama sisiphumo somsebenzi wenkampani yaseDenmark Aalborg CSP, uvulindlela ekusetyenzisweni kwe amandla elanga agxininisiweyo (CSP) kwizicelo zezolimo. Le nkqubo entsha ayinalo uxanduva lokuvelisa amandla okwaneleyo kwimoya ye-greenhouses, kodwa ikwavumela amanzi anetyuwa, ubutyebi obunqongopheleyo kwezi ndawo zomileyo.
Iindawo zokugcina izityalo zibekwe ngaphakathi Iifama zeSundrop, indawo yobugcisa eSouth Australia, ngokukodwa kwi IPort Augusta. Ikhompleksi, enabela ngaphezu kwe-20.000 square metres, ngomnye wemizekelo emikhulu yolimo oluzinzileyo kwiindawo ezomileyo. Amandla anika amandla le nkqubo avela 23.000 heliostats, ibekwe ngobuchule kumgangatho oyintlango. Ezi zipili ziqokelela imitha yelanga kwaye ziphinde zithunyelwe kwinqaba yelanga enemitha eyi-127 ukuphakama ebekwe kumbindi weziko.
Amandla elanga agxininisiweyo okulima ukutya
Inkqubo yeCSP yeeFama zeSundrop ayivelisi kuphela amandla awoneleyo okusebenza kweefama, kodwa ikwanegalelo kwi Ukususwa kwetyuwa emanzini olwandle. La manzi asetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela izityalo zetumato, ephelisa ukuxhomekeka kwimithombo yamanzi amatsha, anqongopheleyo kule mimandla. Ifama inokuvelisa ukuya kutsho 15 million kg yeetumato eziphilayo ngonyaka, elilingana ne-15% yetotali yetomato yaseOstreliya.
Le nkqubo intsha isebenzisa amandla elanga phantse unyaka wonke, njengoko lo mmandla unandipha iintsuku ezingaphezu kwama-300 zokukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka. Ndiyabulela kule nto, imfuneko yokusebenzisa amafutha e-fossil ukuze kusebenze ii-greenhouses iye yapheliswa.
Amanzi anetyuwa, asuka kwiSpencer Gulf ekufuphi, akhutshwa ityuwa kusetyenziswa amandla elanga, avelisa ukuya kutsho kwisigidi seelitha zamanzi amatsha ngemini. Le teknoloji ayiqinisekisi kuphela unikezelo lwamanzi kwizityalo, kodwa inciphisa kakhulu i-carbon footprint, kuba inamandla kuthintelwe ukukhutshwa kwe-16.000 yeetoni ze-CO2 ngonyaka, elilingana nokususa iimoto ezingaphezu kwe-3.000 endleleni.
Ukulungelelaniswa kwexesha kunye nokuzinza
Inkqubo yeeFama zeSundrop yenzelwe ukuziqhelanisa namaxesha onyaka ahlukeneyo onyaka. Ngexesha lasebusika, amandla elanga agxininisiweyo asetyenziselwa tshisa iigreenhouses, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iitumato zikhula kwiimeko ezilungileyo. Kwiinyanga ezibandayo, kwanobusuku bunokuba namaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu entlango, ngoko ke le nkqubo ibalulekile ekugcineni imozulu efanelekileyo kwiziko.
Ngapha koko, inkqubo ivumela i imveliso yamandla elungeleleneyo unyaka wonke, ukulungelelanisa iimfuno zamandla ngokwexesha lonyaka. Le ndibaniselwano yobuchwephesha ayivumeli nje kuphela ukuveliswa kokutya ngokuzinzileyo, kodwa ikwanciphisa iindleko zokusebenza, iqinisekisa ubukho bexesha elide loqoqosho lweprojekthi.
Le projekthi ibonakalise ukuba yimpumelelo enkulu kwezobuchwephesha nakwezoqoqosho. Ayigcini nje ngokuqinisekisa imveliso eqhubekayo yeetumato, kodwa iye nayo idale imisebenzi emininzi yalapha kwingingqi yasePort Augusta, inabasebenzi abamalunga ne-175 abaqeshwe efama.
Amathuba ehlabathi: Eminye imizekelo
Impumelelo yeeFama zeSundrop isebenze njengenkuthazo kweminye imimandla eyinkqantosi yehlabathi, apho ukunqongophala kwamanzi kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu abangela imicelimngeni emikhulu kwezolimo. Omnye wemizekelo ephawulekayo yintlango ye Atacama e Chile, apho iitumato ziye zatyalwa kusetyenziswa inkqubo efanayo, exhaswa yi I-Photovoltaic Energy yamandla. Iitamatato ezikhulile kwi-Atacama azisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwendawo kuphela, kodwa zithuthwa kwiimoto zombane, ziphelisa ngokupheleleyo i-carbon footprint.
En los E-United Arab Emirates, Inkampani iPure Harvest iphuhlise iindawo zokugcina izityalo ezilawulwa yimozulu ukuze kukhule ukutya kwiimeko ezibharhileyo. Ezi greenhouses zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-LED kunye neenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela ezisebenzayo, ezifana ne-drip kunye ne-sprinkler, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwinqanaba lamanzi.
Kwinqanaba lehlabathi, i ukulima nkqo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ze-hydroponic zibonakalise ukuba zizisombululo ezisebenzayo zokuvelisa ukutya kwiindawo ezixinzelelwe ngamanzi. Ezi teknoloji zivumela imifuno ukuba ikhuliswe ngokwemigangatho eqokelelweyo, kusetyenziswa iindlela zokunkcenkceshela ezisebenzisa amanzi angama-95% ngaphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezolimo zendabuko.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, afana nelanga, ngundoqo kwimpumelelo yezi projekthi kwaye imele isisombululo sexesha elide lokujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokukhula kwemfuno yokutya yehlabathi.
Ezi projekthi zobuvulindlela zibonise ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuguqula iindawo ezibharhileyo zibe yimimandla enemveliso, kusetyenziswa ubugcisa obuphambili kunye nokudibanisa amandla acocekileyo njengenxalenye esisiseko yenkqubo yezolimo.
Ikamva lezolimo, ngakumbi kwimimandla eneemeko ezinzima, liya kuxhomekeka kumandla okulungelelanisa obu buchwepheshe kwaye benze ukuba bafikeleleke kwihlabathi, ngakumbi kwezo ndawo zichaphazeleka kakhulu kukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokunqongophala kwemithombo yendalo.