Ungcoliseko lomoya lubangelwa utshintsho olwenziwe emoyeni, eziyingozi kwizinto eziphilayo. Olu hlobo longcoliseko, ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo olukuyo, lubonwa njengendawo yendawo ukuba indawo yalo yempembelelo inomda kwindawo ethile, okanye iplanethi xa iziphumo zayo zifikelela kuMhlaba wonke.
Ukubonakaliswa kongcoliseko lomoya kubakho kuzo zonke iindawo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisezidolophini, kwaye inokuchaphazela abantu bonke kubo bonke ubomi babo. Izifundo ezininzi zidwelise ungcoliseko lomoya njengonobangela omiselweyo wokufa, nto leyo ekhokelele ekubeni ukusekwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yomgangatho womoya ngaphakathi kumazwe. Nangona kunjalo, inxalenye enkulu yabemi behlabathi isahlala kwiindawo ezinomoya ophantsi.
Umoya wadalwa ukuze ukhusele izinto eziphilayo imitha ye-ultraviolet eyingozi evela elangeni, ngoxa ilawula imozulu yaye igcina ioksijini, ibalulekile ebomini. Noko ke, ungcoliso luphazamisa olu lungelelwano, lubangela iingxaki ezininzi.
Oonobangela bongcoliseko lomoya
Izizathu zongcoliseko lomoya zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu:
Izinto zendalo
Ayisoloko ilityala emntwini. Nazi izinto zendalo ezikwanegalelo kungcoliseko lomoya. Ezinye zezi:
- Uthuthu neegesi ezikhutshwa kugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo.
- Umsi kunye neegesi ezivela kwimililo yamahlathi.
- Izaqhwithi zothuli ezithwala izixa ezikhulu zamasuntswana amahle.
- Izityalo zezityalo kunye ne-pollen, ezichaphazela umgangatho womoya, ngakumbi entwasahlobo.
Imiba yabantu
Ngelishwa, oonobangela abaphambili bongcoliseko lomoya yimisebenzi yabantu. Njengoko uluntu luhambela phambili kwezoshishino, ukukhutshwa kweegesi eziyingozi kuye kwanda ngokukhawuleza. Phakathi kwemithombo ephambili yongcoliseko lwe-anthropogenic sinokukhankanya:
Uthutho lwepetroli kunye nedizili
Izithuthi ngomnye wemithombo ephambili yongcoliseko lwasezidolophini. Ukukhutshwa kwayo kubandakanya ikhabhon monoxide (CO), initrogen oxides (NOx) kunye neengqungquthela ezintle ezifaka isandla ekubunjweni kwe-smog. Ngapha koko, iimoto zedizili ziyaphuma amasuntswana amisiweyo (PM) eziyingozi ngakumbi empilweni.
Umzi mveliso namandla
Las izityalo zamandla ashushu kunye namanye amashishini, afana nentsimbi, i-samente kunye nemveliso yeekhemikhali, akhupha izixa ezikhulu ikharbon diokside (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) y nitrogen oxides, ezingangcolisi umoya kuphela, kodwa zikwanegalelo kubushushu bomhlaba.
Ukutshisa amafutha efosili
Oyena nobangela we ifuthe lamaqondo obushushu abanjwe lungcoliseko Kukutsha kwamafutha efosili afana namalahle, i-oyile kunye negesi yendalo. Ezi gesi zikhupha iigesi ezandisa ubushushu behlabathi nezichaphazela umjikelo wemozulu.
Ukukhutshwa kwecandelo lezoLimo
Ukusetyenziswa izichumisi, izibulali zinambuzane kunye nokutshiswa kwenkunkuma yezolimo nazo zikhupha iigesi eziyingozi ezifana i-ammonia (NH3) kunye nemethane (CH4), ethi ekugxininiseni okuphezulu yonakalisa iatmosfera.
Izinto ezingcolisayo zaseprayimari
Izingcolisi eziphambili zezo zikhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo emoyeni. Ezinye zazo ziquka:
Ikharbhon diokside (CO2)
Le gesi yeyona nto inegalelo ukufudumala kwehlabathi. Isuka ikakhulu ekutshisweni kwamafutha efosili kwaye inoxanduva lwe-60% yempembelelo ye-greenhouse.
Ikhabhon monoksayidi (CO)
Isuka ekutshisweni okungaphelelanga kwamafutha kwaye iyingozi kakhulu kwiindawo eziphezulu. Xa uphefumla, uchaphazela ukuhanjiswa kweoksijini emzimbeni.
IiChlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Nangona ziye zavalwa kakhulu, ezi gesi zisekho kwezinye iinkqubo zesikhenkcisi, kwaye zinoxanduva ukutshatyalaliswa kocingo lweozone.
Khokela
Ngaphambili isetyenziswe kwipetroli, ilothe ihlala iyingxaki yokusingqongileyo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiibhetri nakwezinye iimveliso. Ibangela umonakalo omkhulu wemithambo-luvo.
I-nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Ezi iigesi ezisebenza kakhulu Zikhutshwa zizithuthi kunye neefektri, kwaye zingunobangela omkhulu smog echaphazela izixeko ezikhulu.
Ungcoliseko lwesibini
Ungcoliseko lwesibini alukhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo emoyeni, kodwa lwenziwa yi- ukusabela kongcoliseko lokuqala kunye nezinye iikhompawundi:
- Ungcoliseko lwefotokhemikhali: Yenziwa xa igesi yokukhupha isithuthi isabela kukukhanya kwelanga.
- Ukunciphisa ubukhulu be-ozone layer.
- Ukufakwa kweasidi yomhlaba kunye nemizimba yamanzi, eyaziwa ngokuba yimvula eneasidi.
Iziphumo zongcoliseko lomoya
Ungcoliseko lomoya lukhokelela kuthotho lweziphumo ezibi kwimpilo yabantu, kwendalo nakwiziseko ezingundoqo:
Izifo zokuphefumla kunye ne-cardiovascular
Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kubangela iimeko ezinzima ezifana isifuba, ibronchitis engapheliyo, emphysema y umhlaza wemiphunga. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba umoya ongcolileyo nawo uchaphazela intliziyo, ukwandisa umngcipheko isifo sentliziyo y imivumbo.
Ukonakala kolusu
Ukuba sesichengeni kumsi kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa isantya ukwaluphala kolusu, igalelo ekubonakaleni kwemibimbi kunye namabala. Uqhagamshelwano olude lunokubangela aleji kunye dermatitis.
Ukhukuliseko lwezinto
Los izakhiwo zembali kunye nezinye iziseko ezingundoqo zisengozini ngenxa yempembelelo eyingozi yemvula eneasidi. Iinqununu ze-sulfate, i-nitrogen oxide kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo zitshabalalisa ukuqina kwezinto zokwakha.
Ukonakaliswa kwezityalo kunye ne-ikhosistim
Izityalo zikwasokola ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya. Phakathi kweziphumo ezixhalabisa kakhulu yi utshintsho lwephotosynthesis kunye nokutshatyalaliswa okunokwenzeka kweentlobo zezityalo eziyimfuneko kulungelelwaniso lwe-ikhosistim.
Iingxaki zokusingqongileyo
Umcimbi we smog Ichaphazela umgangatho womoya wezixeko, ivelisa umaleko oshinyeneyo onciphisa ukubonakala. Enye ingxaki ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo kutshintsha kwe mozulu, olona galelo liphambili kukwanda kweegesi zegreenhouse emoyeni.
Ukuwa kwekhephu
Kwenzeka xa ukukhutshwa kwesulfure dioxide neeoksidi zenitrogen zidityaniswa nomphunga wamanzi osemoyeni ukuze zenze iiasidi. Oku kubangela i ichibi kunye ne-acidification yomhlaba, ezichaphazela izityalo, iintlanzi kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Ukuphela kocwecwe lwe-ozone
Ukukhutshwa kwe CFC kunye nezinye iikhompawundi zenze umngxuma kwi-ozone layer, evumela ngaphezulu imitha ye-UV eyingozi ifikelela kumphezulu womhlaba, ichaphazela izinto eziphilayo yaye yandisa ingozi yomhlaza wolusu.
Izisombululo ezinokwenzeka kungcoliseko lomoya
Ukujongana nale ngxaki imbi yokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo, kukho izisombululo ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka oorhulumente, iinkampani, amaziko kunye nabemi bazamkele:
Ukurisayikilishwa nokusetyenziswa kwakhona
Ukukhuthaza ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kweemveliso kuthanda ukucuthwa kwenkunkuma, okucutha umthamo wamafutha efosili afunekayo. Oku kungundoqo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kweCO2.
Phuhlisa amandla ahlaziyekayo ngakumbi
Ukusetyenziswa kwe umoya, amandla elanga okanye ombane wamanzi endaweni yokutshisa amafutha efosili. Oku kuya kunceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezingcolisa umoya emoyeni.
Ukukhuthaza izithuthi zikawonke-wonke kunye nokusetyenziswa kweebhayisekile
Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweemoto zabucala kuya kunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwegesi engcolileyo. Ngaphaya koko, ukusetyenziswa kweebhayisekile kunye nophuhliso lwezithuthi zikawonke-wonke ezizinzileyo ngamanyathelo asisiseko okunciphisa ungcoliseko lwedolophu.
Imithetho engqongqo yoshishino
Imigaqo karhulumente kufuneka ibe ngqongqo ngokumalunga ukukhutshwa kwemizi-mveliso, ukukhuthaza ukwamkelwa kobugcisa obucocekileyo kunye nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zokulawula ukukhutshwa.
Ukwazisa uluntu
Imfundo kunye nokuqonda malunga nefuthe lezenzo zethu kungcoliseko lomoya kubalulekile. Ukukhuthaza inkcubeko yentlonipho yokusingqongileyo kunye neendlela zokuphila ezizinzileyo linyathelo elisingise kwikamva elicocekileyo.
Kubalulekile ukuba oorhulumente, abemi kunye neenkampani zisebenzisane ukuze zinciphise izinto ezikhutshwayo kunye nokunciphisa iziphumo zongcoliseko lomoya. Ngokwamkela ubugcisa obutsha, ukudala imimiselo engqongqo kunye nokukhuthaza indlela yokuphila ezinzileyo, sinokunciphisa kakhulu impembelelo yongcoliseko kwimpilo yethu kunye nokusingqongileyo.
UMXHOLO OBALASELEYO NGOKUQHELEKILEYO KUNYE NONCEDO OLUKHULU,