Ungcoliseko lwamanzi: oonobangela neziphumo zehlabathi

  • Ungcoliseko lwamanzi lunokuba ngenxa yezizathu zendalo kunye nemisebenzi yabantu.
  • Ukuchitheka kweoyile kunempembelelo embi kwizilwanyana zaselwandle.
  • Ukungcoliswa kwemilambo namachibi kubangela iingxaki zempilo nezendalo.

Amanzi

Ungcoliseko lwamanzi yingxaki yehlabathi echaphazela kakhulu impilo ye-ecosystem kunye nempilo yabantu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ungcoliseko lwamanzi lwenzeka ngokukhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kwimithombo yamanzi (imilambo, iilwandle, amachibi, njl.) iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. izinto ezingcolisayo.

Indalo ineendlela zokubuyisela kunye nokuphelisa inani elincinci lokungcola, ukubuyisela ibhalansi yendalo. Ingxaki iqala xa ungcoliseko lungaphezu kwamandla e-ikhosistim ukufunxa nokucubungula ezi zinto.. Kulo mxholo, amanzi aba ngumthombo wezifo kunye nokuwohloka kwendalo, okuchaphazela abantu kunye neentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

Ezona ntlobo zingcoliseko lwamanzi:

Enye yezinto ezibangela ungcoliseko lwamanzi inxulumene yayo umjikelo wendalo, ekubeni kuhambo lwayo inokudibana neeminerali nezinye izinto ezikhoyo kwiatmosfera, kuqweqwe loMhlaba nakweminye imizimba yamanzi. Noko ke, inkoliso yongcoliso lwanamhlanje inxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nesenzo somntu.

Ungcoliseko lweAnthropogenic yenye yeengozi eziphambili kwimithombo yethu yamanzi; Phakathi kwezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zongcoliseko lwamanzi sinokuqaqambisa oku kulandelayo:

  • Ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezinobuthi: Amashishini kunye namaziko asezidolophini avelisa inkunkuma, kwiimeko ezininzi, ayiphathwa ngokuchanekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ikhutshwe kwiindawo zendalo, ezichaphazela imilambo, amachibi kunye nolwandle.
  • Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi kunye nezichumisi: Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwemichiza kwezolimo kudala ukuvuza okungcolisa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba nangaphezulu.
  • Inkunkuma eqinileyo: Inkunkuma elahlwa kumanxweme nasemilanjeni ithabatha iinkulungwane ukuthotywa, nto leyo echaphazela izilwanyana nezityalo zasemanzini.
  • Amafutha kwizikhephe: Ukucocwa kweenqanawa kunye neengozi zaselwandle, ezifana naleyo yenqanawa yeoli yePrestige, ikhuphela ityhefu ngqo elwandle.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane kwezolimo

Ungcoliseko lweLwandle

Ulwandle lubalulekile kubomi eMhlabeni, kungekuphela nje kuba likhaya lamawaka eentlobo zaselwandle, kodwa nangenxa yokuba ukuveliswa kweoksijini kunxulumene kakhulu nolwandle. Noko ke, izenzo zomntu ziye zabangela ungcoliseko olukhulu lolwandle.

El ukulahla ngabom inkunkuma, ukuchitheka kwe-oyile kunye neemveliso zemichiza Iwohloka ngendlela engenakuguquleka kwiilwandle, ichaphazela indalo ephilayo kunye nempilo yabantu kwihlabathi liphela. Iilwandle zifunxa kakhulu iCO2 esiyikhuphayo, nto leyo enegalelo ekuthomalaliseni utshintsho lwemozulu, kodwa ungcoliseko lutshintsha ulungelelwaniso lolwandle.

ukuchitheka kwe-oyile

Ukuchitheka kweoyile

I-oyile yenye yezoyikiso ezinkulu kwiilwandlekazi. Imveliso kunye nokuthuthwa kwale nto ikhule kakhulu, kodwa ukuchitheka kwe-oyile kuseyinkxalabo efihlakeleyo. Ezinye zezona ngozi ziphawulekayo ziye zakhuphela izigidi zeelitha zeoli ekrwada elwandle, zibangele ukufa kwamawaka eentlobo zezilwanyana nokuchaphazela ngokunzulu ukuloba nokhenketho.

Okubi nangakumbi kukuba, ioli eninzi echithekileyo iphetha ithwalwa yimisinga yolwandle isiya kwimimandla eselunxwemeni apho kunzima ukucoca yaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, ingaphelelanga. Kwelinye icala, ukongeza kwi-oyile ekrwada, iimveliso zepetroleum, ezinjengeeplastiki ezenziwe kuyo, nazo ziphela zintywiliselwe emazantsi olwandle lwethu.

Inkunkuma elwandle

Imiphumo emibi yeoli elwandle

Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngaphezu kwe-80% yongcoliseko lwaselwandle lubangelwa yimisebenzi yabantu, kuquka nokuchithwa kweoli. Oku kuguqulela ngokuthe ngqo ilahleko engenakulungiseka kwizinto eziphilayo zaselwandle. Ukucocwa kobu bugxwayiba kuyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye nokuba enye inkunkuma isusiwe, iziphumo zingahlala amashumi eminyaka. Iintlobo ezinje ngeminenga, itywina, iifudo kunye neentlanzi ziphakathi kwezona zichaphazeleka kakhulu, njengoko zichanabeka ekuncitshisweni kwemithombo yazo yokutya okanye nokungcoliseka ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo abahlala kuyo.

Ukuchitheka kweoyile emlanjeni

Ukuthintelwa nokulawulwa kokungcoliseka kwe-oyile yaselwandle

Ungcoliseko lwe-oyile lulawulwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuquka uphuhliso lwe imimiselo yobugcisa ezilawula imisebenzi yeenqanawa. Ezinye zezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokulwa ezi ntlekele zezi:

  • Ukuhlolwa kweenqanawa rhoqo
  • Ulawulo olungqongqo lwezithuthi zaselwandle
  • Uqeqesho lwabaqhubi beenqanawa neetanki
  • Ukuphunyezwa kweendlela zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, ezifana nezikhephe zokutsala kunye neenqaba zokulawula

Izilwanyana ezichatshazelwa kukuchitheka

Ungcoliseko lwemilambo namachibi

Ayizolwandle kuphela ezithwaxwa lungcoliso; Imilambo namachibi ahlala echanabeke kwimithombo emininzi engcolisayo. Ugutyulo lwelindle nenkunkuma yasezidolophini, ingakumbi kumazwe asakhasayo, ilahlwa ngaphandle kokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu imixokomelwano yasemanzini acocekileyo.

Ezinye zeengxaki ezinkulu ezayanyaniswa nongcoliseko lobutyebi bamanzi ziquka:

  • amanzi amdaka, ezithwala izinto eziphilayo eziphelisa ioksijini enyibilikayo emanzini, ngaloo ndlela zichaphazela izinto eziphila emanzini.
  • Izifo ezosulelayo, ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane, ezinokubangela izifo ezinzulu kwabo batya amanzi angacocwanga.
  • Tyala izondlo, ezikhuthaza ukukhula ngokugqithiseleyo kwezityalo zasemanzini kunye ne-algae eyingozi kwizilwanyana zasekuhlaleni.
  • Iimveliso zamachiza, ezifana nezibulali zinambuzane, izicoci kunye nezinye iimveliso zamashishini, eziguqula umgangatho wendalo wamanzi.

amanzi amdaka

Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwama-akhwifa kukwangunobangela obalulekileyo wokuwohloka okuchaphazela isakhono sezi nkqubo zokuphilisana kwezidalwa ukuzivuselela. I iiminerali ezingaphiliyo kunye nezinye iikhompawundi zeekhemikhali, ezifana nemekyuri, zigxila emanzini akumanqanaba ayityhefu kwizilwanyana zasendle nasekusetyenzisweni kwabantu.

Isishwankathelo, ungcoliseko lwamanzi ngomnye wemingeni emikhulu yokusingqongileyo kwixesha lethu. Ngolawulo nolawulo olungcono, sinokuthomalalisa iziphumo zayo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zendalo ezichaphazelekayo.


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  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
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