Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo: Ingqikelelo, iiNjongo kunye nezitshixo zeKamva eliNgcono

NgoJuni 1992, kweyokuqala Ingqungquthela Yomhlaba, eququzelelwe yiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, ingcamango ye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Yayisisiganeko esiyimbali apho iintloko zombuso noorhulumente abali-170 batyikitya inkqubo yeentshukumo ze Ikhulu lama-XXI: i agenda 21, uxwebhu olungundoqo oluseka iinjongo ezibhekiselele kuphuhliso olulungeleleneyo. Le ntlanganiso yabeka iziseko zokuzibophelela kwehlabathi kuzinzo, injongo echaphazela onke amacandelo oluntu.

El nophuhliso oluzinzileyo Ligama elichaza isiseko salo ekukwazini ukwanelisa iimfuno zethu ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni impilo-ntle yezizukulwana ezizayo. Oku kuthetha ubudlelwane obunentlonipho kunye zendalo kunye nocwangciso olwaneleyo isikali seplanethi. Lo mbono ubalulekile kuba ujongana nendlela izigqibo zangoku ezinefuthe elithe ngqo kwezo ziza kuza.

Le ngcamango ityhila unxibelelwano olunzulu lwe iingxaki zehlabathi ezichaphazela intsebenziswano yoluntu lwabantu ngaphakathi kwendawo yabo yendalo, equka izihloko ezifana phuhliso lwabantu, imekobume, uqoqosho nomanyano. Njengoko u-Anne-Marie Sacquet ecacisa 'kwiAtlasi yeHlabathi yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo', uzinzo asiyomodeli yezoqoqosho nendalo kuphela, kodwa ikwayimeko yentlalo ebalaseleyo.

Iintsika zophuhliso oluzinzileyo

El nophuhliso oluzinzileyo Isekelwe kwiintsika ezine eziphambili: iintsika zezentlalo, ezokusingqongileyo, ezoqoqosho nezenkcubeko. Nganye kwezi ntsika idlala indima ephambili kwindlela esilawula ngayo izixhobo:

• El intsika yentlalontle Iqinisekisa ukufikelela kwiimfuno ezisisiseko ezifana namanzi, ukutya, imfundo kunye neenkonzo zempilo, ifuna ukuphelisa ukungalingani kwezentlalo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi kumntu wonke kungakhathaliseki ukuba imeko yakhe yezoqoqosho.
• El intsika yokusingqongileyo igxile ekulondolozeni nasekomelezeni ubutyebi bendalo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iplanethi igcina amandla ayo okugcina ubomi. Oku kubandakanya ukuncitshiswa kwezinto ezingcolisa umoya, ukuthomalaliswa kokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokukhuselwa kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
• El intsika yezoqoqosho ifuna imodeli yohlumo engayifaki esichengeni imithombo yobutyebi bendalo, ivelise ubutyebi ngaphandle kokonakalisa okusingqongileyo, nokuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi inoqoqosho kwixesha elide.
• El intsika yenkcubeko, engaziwa kangako kodwa ebaluleke ngokulinganayo, igcina iyantlukwano yenkcubeko, iqinisekisa ukuba izithethe, izithethe nolwazi zigqithiselwa kwisizukulwana ngesizukulwana.

Ubudlelwane phakathi koqoqosho nophuhliso oluzinzileyo

Omnye wemingeni emikhulu ye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo kukulungelelanisa ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Uqoqosho lwemveli ngokwembali belusekelwe kuxhatshazo olunzulu lwemithombo yendalo, ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo imida yabo. Yena Ingxelo yaseBrundtland, ethe yabeka iziseko zengqikelelo yophuhliso oluzinzileyo, yaqaqambisa iziphumo zokusingqongileyo ukuba ukukhula koqoqosho okungalawulekiyo kunokukhokelela, njenge ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, la ngco liseko kunye ilahleko yendalo.

Le ngxelo iphawule ngaphambili nasemva kwimbono yehlabathi yokukhula koqoqosho. Imfuno yabonwa ukuba a ukukhula okuzinzileyo, esekwe kusetyenziso lwetekhnoloji ecocekileyo kunye nokukhuthazwa kwamashishini anciphisa indawo yawo yendalo.

Iinjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo (SDGs)

I-Ajenda ye-2030, evunyiweyo kwi-2015 yiZizwe eziManyeneyo, yanikezela Iinjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo (SDG). Kukho iinjongo ezili-17 zehlabathi ezifuna ukuphelisa ubuhlwempu, ukukhusela umhlaba kunye nokuqinisekisa impumelelo yomntu wonke. Ezi njongo ze-17 ziquka imingeni emikhulu echaphazela uluntu: ukusuka ukuphela kobuhlwempu kude kube isenzo sezulu. Ukuphunyezwa kwayo kufuna intsebenziswano yoorhulumente, iinkampani kunye nabemi abavela kulo lonke iplanethi.

IiNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo ezili-17

1. Ukuphela kwentlupheko: Ukuphelisa indlala nobuhlwempu obugqithisileyo.
2. Hambre cero: Phelisa ukungondleki nokukhuthaza iindlela ezizinzileyo zolimo.
3. Impilo & nokuPhila: Qinisekisa impilo esempilweni kwaye ukhuthaze intlalontle yomntu wonke.
4. Imfundo esemgangathweni: Ukuqinisekisa ukufundisa ngokulinganayo nokusemgangathweni.
5. Ukulingana ngokwesini: Ukuxhobisa abafazi kunye namantombazana.
6. Amanzi acocekileyo kunye nogutyulo: Ukuqinisekisa ukufumaneka kwamanzi kunye nolawulo lwawo oluzinzileyo.
7. Amandla afikelelekayo kwaye angangcolisi: Ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela kumandla acocekileyo nazinzileyo.
8. Umsebenzi onesidima kunye nokukhula koqoqosho: Ukukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho oluzinzileyo, olubandakanyayo noluzinzileyo.
9. Ushishino, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye neziseko ezingundoqo: Ukukhuthaza ushishino olubandakanyayo noluzinzileyo.
10. Ukuncitshiswa kokungalingani: Nciphisa ukungalingani ngaphakathi naphakathi kwamazwe.
11. Izixeko ezizinzileyo kunye noluntu: Yenza izixeko zikhuseleke, zibandakanywe, zixhathise kwaye zigcineke.
12. Imveliso enoxanduva kunye nokusetyenziswa: Ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo kunye neepatheni zemveliso.
13. isenzo semozulu: Thatha amanyathelo angxamisekileyo ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
14. Ubomi baselwandle: Londoloza kwaye usebenzise iilwandle neelwandle ngokuzinzileyo.
15. Ubomi bezinto eziphilayo ezisemhlabeni: Khusela, ubuyisele kwaye ukhuthaze usetyenziso oluzinzileyo lwenkqubo yokuphilisana kwendalo esemhlabeni.
16. Uxolo, ubulungisa kunye namaziko aqinileyo: Khuthaza uluntu olunoxolo, oluqukayo kunye nobulungisa.
17. Iimanyano zokuphumeza iinjongo: Ukuqinisa iindlela zokuphunyezwa kunye nokuvuselela umanyano lwehlabathi lophuhliso oluzinzileyo.

Ukubaluleka kozinzo kwihlabathi eliguqukayo

Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo aluyonto nje yokukhetha, kodwa luyimfuneko kwihlabathi elisoloko litshintsha. Izinto ezenziwa ngabantu ziye zanempembelelo enkulu kwisijikelezi-langa, yaye ukuba asithathi manyathelo ngoku, umonakalo awunakulungiseka. Imizekelo efana ne kutshintsha kwe mozulu kunye ukutshabalala kweentlobo Zisikhumbuza ukuba ubutyebi boMhlaba bunesiphelo.

Tyala imali izisombululo ezizinzileyo Ayithothisi nje iingxaki zokusingqongileyo, kodwa ivula amathuba ezoqoqosho. Icandelo le amandla ahlaziyekayo Ungumzekelo ocacileyo wendlela ukulingana phakathi koqoqosho kunye nokuzinza kunokwenzeka. Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse kunye nokuphuhlisa itekhnoloji entsha yamandla nako kubalulekile ukulwa nokufudumala kwehlabathi.

Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lusimema ukuba sicinge ngendima yethu ehlabathini kunye nendlela ukhetho lwethu namhlanje oluchaphazela ngayo ingomso. Izizukulwana ezizayo zifanele ihlabathi elizele ngamathuba kunye nezixhobo. Kufuneka sisebenzisane, kuwo onke amanqanaba oluntu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iplanethi yethu ihlala ihleli kumntu wonke.