I-Asbestos sisimbiwa esinefayibha ekudala isetyenziswa kushishino nakulwakhiwo ngenxa yeempawu zayo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali. Ngaphandle kokuvalwa kwayo ukusukela ngo-2002 kumazwe amaninzi anjengeSpain, i-asbestos isekhona kwizakhiwo ezindala. Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza yintoni asbestos endlwini kwaye yeyiphi imingcipheko enxulumene nesi sixhobo. Njengoko sisihloko sokubaluleka okukhulu, kweli nqaku sikuxelela yonke into omele uyazi malunga nale minerali, indlela yokuyichonga kwikhaya lakho, iintlobo zayo, ingozi, kunye namanyathelo omawulandele xa uyifumana.
Yintoni iasbestos endlwini?
Iasbestos, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiasbestos, yayiyinto eyayisetyenziswa kakhulu phakathi ko-1920 no-2000 ekwakhiweni kwezindlu nezakhiwo ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo. ukumelana nobushushu, umlilo, kunye noxinzelelo lomatshini.
Ngokuqhelekileyo ifumaneka kwiimveliso ezifana ne-vinyl flooring, imibhobho, iisilingi kunye nophahla, phakathi kwabanye. Ukubonakaliswa kwimicu ye-asbestos kuyingozi xa izinto eziphathekayo zihla okanye ziphathwa ngendlela engafanelekanga, ukukhulula iincinci ezincinci kwindalo enokuthi ifakwe okanye ifakwe. Le micu inokubangela izifo ezinzulu zokuphefumla ezihlala zibonakala iminyaka emva kokuba sesichengeni.
Ukuba ufumana i-asbestos xa usenza naluphi na uhlobo lokulungiswa kwekhaya lakho, kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo lweengcali zokuyiphatha, ekubeni ukuphathwa kwayo kufuna izixhobo ezithile kunye neeprothokholi zokuphepha ukukhulula imicu yayo kwindawo.
iintlobo zeasbestos
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-asbestos, nganye ineempawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye nezicelo ezithile ekwakhiweni.
- I-Chrysotile (i-asbestos emhlophe): Lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo nolusetyenziswayo lweasbestos. Ifumaneka kwiipaneli zesilingi, iindonga kunye nemigangatho. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwakhona kwandiswe kwiibhuleki zemoto, imibhobho kunye nebhoyila joints. Nangona iyeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu, iseyingozi kakhulu kwizixa ezikhulu okanye xa imicu yayo itsalwa ixesha elide.
- Amosite (iasbestos emdaka): Okuqhelekileyo kwiibhodi zokugquma, iibhodi zesamente kunye neemveliso zokugquma. Yenye yezona ntlobo ziyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yokumila kwemicu yayo ethanda ukuhlala emiphungeni xa irholiwe.
- I-Crocidolite (iAsbestos eBlue): Yayisetyenziselwa amalaphu akhuselayo, ukugqunywa kwenjini yomphunga, nakwiimveliso zesamente. Inetyhefu kakhulu kwaye ibola ngokulula kakhulu, ikhupha imicu eyingozi.
- Anthophyllite: I-Rarer kuneyangaphambili, inokufumaneka kwiimveliso ze-insulating kunye nezixhobo zokwakha, kunye nokungcola kwiimveliso ezifana ne-talcum powder.
- I-Tremolite kunye ne-Actinolite: Ayifane isetyenziswe kurhwebo, kodwa ikhoyo njengongcoliseko kwezinye iimveliso ezineasbestos. Ingozi yayo isekukwazini ukukhupha imicu enetyhefu xa sele iphethwe okanye yonakele.
Yintoni omele uyenze ukuba ufumana i-asbestos endlwini?
Ukuba ufumanisa ubukho be-asbestos kwikhaya lakho, into yokuqala omele uyigcine engqondweni akuyikuyiphatha ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo. I-Asbestos ayibonisi ingozi ukuba ikwimeko efanelekileyo kwaye ayisetyenziswanga, kodwa ukuba yonakele, inokukhulula iifayili zayo kwindawo. Nazi ezinye izikhokelo jikelele ekufuneka uzilandele:
- Qhagamshelana nengcali: Ukususwa kwe-asbestos kufuneka kuqhutywe ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo abanezixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Ezi ngcali ziqeqeshelwe ukunciphisa imingcipheko ngexesha lokususwa.
- Ukutywinwa kunye nokuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo: Zonke izinto ze-asbestos kufuneka zisuswe kwaye zitywinwe kwiingxowa ze-hermetically ukuthintela ukukhutshwa kwamasuntswana kwindalo kwaye zihanjiswe kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma egunyazisiweyo.
- Kuphephe naluphi na uhlobo longenelelo: Musa ukusika, ukukrwela okanye ukwaphula naziphi na izakhiwo ezineasbestos, njengoko oku kunokukhulula iintsinga ezingenakuguqulwa emoyeni.
- Buyisela imathiriyeli: Kucetyiswa ukuba kuthathelwe indawo nasiphi na isakhiwo esiqulethe i-asbestos enezinto ezingcolisa ngaphantsi, ezifana ne-asbestos-free fiber cement, i-synthetic kunye neefayili zendalo.
Iindawo eziqhelekileyo ezineasbestos endlwini
I-asbestos iqhele ukufunyanwa kwimibhobho, uphahla kunye namatanki amanzi, kodwa inokufunyanwa ifihliwe kwezinye iindawo. Ngezantsi ngamanqaku aphambili apho iasbestos idla ngokufumaneka khona:
- Uphahla: rhoqo kuphahla lwe-uralite, uhlobo lwesamente yefiber edibeneyo kunye ne-asbestos.
- Imibhobho: I-insulator yokufudumeza imibhobho, amanzi ashushu okanye iinkqubo zomoya, ngakumbi kwizakhiwo ezindala.
- Iipaneli kunye nezigqubuthelo: Unokufumana iasbestos kwiindonga zesamente zefiber kunye necala elingaphakathi.
- Imibhobho okanye imisele: esetyenziswa rhoqo kwiinkqubo zokukhupha amanzi kwizakhiwo ezakhiwe ngaphambi kowama-2002.
Izifo ezinxulumene nokuvezwa kwe-asbestos
Ukubonakaliswa kwexesha elide kwi-asbestos kuye kwadibaniswa noluhlu olubanzi lwezifo, ezininzi zazo ezibulalayo. Uphononongo lwezenzululwazi lubonisa ukuba ukuvezwa kunokukhokelela koku:
- I-Mesothelioma: Umhlaza unxulunyaniswa ngqo neasbestos echaphazela kakhulu inwebu zemiphunga.
- I-Asbestosis: Isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo esibangela ukukrala kwemiphunga, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla.
- Umhlaza wemiphunga: Ukuvezwa kwimicu ye-asbestos kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga, ngakumbi kubantu abatshayayo.
- Iipleyiti zePleural: Ukuqokelelana kwe-Fibrous kwimiphunga enokuthi ichaphazele umsebenzi wabo.
- Izifo ezingapheliyo zokuphefumla: Abanye badla ngokuba neempawu ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 emva kokuba sesichengeni sokuqala.
Indlela yokuchonga i-asbestos endlwini?
Ukuchonga i-asbestos ekhaya akuyona into elula, njengoko ingabonakali ngeso lenyama ngaphandle kokuba ibhalwe. Ngaphezu koko, ekubeni yayiyinto eqhelekileyo ekwakhiweni de yavalwa, inokufumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi zekhaya elidala.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ekuphela kwendlela ethembekileyo yokufumanisa ubukho be-asbestos kukuthumela isampuli kwibhubhoratri ekhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ucinga ukuba usengozini, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane neengcali eziqeqeshiweyo ukwenza ukuchonga kunye nohlalutyo.
Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthathe unonophelo olukhethekileyo ngeentlobo ezimbini zezixhobo ze-asbestos:
- Iasbestos eyolekayo: Izixhobo eziqhekeka ngokulula ngesandla kwaye zivame ukukhulula iifiber ngaphandle kokungenelela ngoomatshini.
- Iasbestos enganyangekiyo: Ngokuqhelekileyo ifumaneka kwiimveliso ezilukhuni ezifana neebhodi zesamente zefiber. Xa zishiywe zingaphathwanga, ezi zixhobo azibi yingozi kangako.
Konke oku kubonisa ukuba ukuvezwa kwe-asbestos kunokuba sisongelo esithe cwaka kwimpilo, kwaye ukulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezi zixhobo kumakhaya kubalulekile ukuphepha iziphumo ezibuhlungu zexesha elide.
Nangona iingozi ezibangelwa yi-asbestos, ukuchongwa okufanelekileyo, ukulawula kunye nokutshintshwa kwamanyathelo kunokunciphisa nayiphi na ingozi. Ukuba sifumanisa i-asbestos ekhayeni lethu, kufuneka sisoloko sibhenela kwiingcali zokususa ukuze siqinisekise ukhuseleko lwethu kunye nolwabo basingqongileyo.