Zingcolisa kangakanani iibhetri kunye nendlela yokuyinqanda: yonke into ekufuneka uyazi

  • Iibhetri zinokungcolisa amanzi nomhlaba ngeentsimbi ezinetyhefu ezifana nemekyuri kunye nelothe.
  • Ukurisayikilishwa ngendlela eyiyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona ngundoqo ekunciphiseni ungcoliseko.
  • Ibhetri enye imekyuri inokusulela ukuya kuma-600.000 eelitha zamanzi.

iibhetri zombane

Nangona ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri kuya kusiba ngaphantsi, i ungcoliseko lwebhetri Ihlala ingumba oxhalabisayo. Iibhetri ziqulethe isinyithi esinzima kunye nezinto eziyityhefu ezinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwindalo kunye nempilo yabantu ukuba ayiphathwa kakuhle. Umzekelo, ibhetri yemekyuri inokonakalisa ukuya kutsho kuma-600.000 eelitha zamanzi okusela, nto leyo ebangela iziphumo ezibi. Lo mxholo ukhokelele abantu abaninzi ukuba babuze: Zingcolisa kangakanani iibhetri?

Kweli nqaku, siza kuchaza ukuba zingaphi iibhetri ezingcolisa kwaye singenza ntoni ukunqanda le ngxaki yehlabathi jikelele.

Imeko yongcoliseko lwebhetri

zingcolisa kangakanani iibhetri

Iibhetri ziqulethe izinto ezinobungozi ezifana ne-mercury, ilothe, i-lithium kunye ne-cadmium. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi zinto ziyityhefu kakhulu kwaye ziyakhula, oku kuthetha ukuba ziqokelelana kwikhonkco lokutya kwaye zonzakalise abantu kunye ne-ecosystem. Iibhetri ezingama-40 nje zealkaline zinokungcolisa iilitha zezigidi ezisisi-6,5 zamanzi, nto leyo elingana nobukhulu bequla lokuqubha leOlimpiki.

I-Mercury iyingozi ngakumbi. Iyakwazi ukubangela izifo ezinzulu ezifana nomhlaza kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ukongeza, xa sele ivuza kwindawo engqongileyo, inokuqokelelana kwizicubu zeentlanzi, ezichaphazela ikhonkco lokutya. I-Mercury ayithobi, iqhubela phambili kokusingqongileyo kwaye ichaphazela i-ecosystems yasemanzini nasemhlabeni ixesha elide.

Kwelinye icala, ilothe, ekwakho kwezinye iibhetri, sisinyithi esine-neurotoxic esinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo, izintso kunye nenkqubo yokuzala ebantwini nakwizilwanyana. Xa sele ikhutshiwe kwimo engqongileyo, inokuhamba emoyeni kwaye ibambelele kumasuntswana othuli, umhlaba ongcolisekileyo namanzi aphantsi komhlaba.

I-Lithium sesinye isinyithi esinokusifumana kwiibhetri, ngakumbi ezo ziphinda zitshajwe. I-lithium ine-neurotoxic kwaye inetyhefu kwizintso. Xa i-lithium particles inhaled okanye ifakwe, inokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu, kuquka i-pulmonary edema, ukudandatheka kwe-myocardial, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ukufa.

Okokugqibela, sine-cadmium, intsimbi ye-carcinogenic enokubangela umonakalo omkhulu emiphungeni xa ifakwe kunye nomonakalo wezintso xa ifakwe. Iibhetri ezininzi eziqulethe i-cadmium zilahlwa ngokungalunganga, nto leyo inokukhokelela kungcoliseko lomhlaba namanzi.

Impembelelo kumanzi nakwi-ikhosistim

iibhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo

Iimpembelelo zeebhetri kwi-ikhosistim yasemanzini iyothusa. Njengoko sele sichazile, ibhetri enye yemercury inokungcolisa ukuya kuthi ga Iilitha ezi-600.000 zamanzi, elilingana namanzi umntu ebenokuwasebenzisa kubo bonke ubomi bakhe. Iibhetri zealkaline, nangona zinetyhefu encinci kuneebhetri zemercury, nazo zingabangela impembelelo embi, zingcolise ukuya kwi-167.000 ilitha zamanzi.

Xa iibhetri zilahlwa kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma okanye kwinkunkuma yasekhaya, izinto eziyityhefu eziziquletheyo, ezifana nelothe, i-cadmium okanye i-nickel, ziyaphuma kancinci xa zidibana namanzi emvula. Le nkqubo ibangela ukuvuza kwesinyithi esinzima emhlabeni kwaye, ekugqibeleni, kwi-aquifers, engcolisa imithombo yamanzi okusela enikezela bonke abantu.

Ukongeza, iintlanzi kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini zinokufunxa iintsimbi ezinzima ezikhutshwa kwiibhetri ezilahliweyo emanzini. Xa abantu besitya iintlanzi ezinezi ntsimbi, iingxaki zempilo zinokuba yintlekele. Umzekelo, iMercury yaziwa njengeneurotoxin enamandla enokuchaphazela ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ngakumbi ebantwaneni nasekuphuhliseni abantwana.

Ilothe ekhoyo kwiibhetri nayo ingena lula emanzini. Xa sele ikwinkqubo yamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukuyisusa, yaye ilothe inokuhlala ikwimekobume kangangeenkulungwane. Kwanakwiqondo eliphantsi, ilothe iyityhefu ebantwini nasezilwanyaneni, yaye iye yanxulunyaniswa neziphene zokufunda, iziphene ekuzalweni nasekukhuleni komntwana.

Zingcolisa kangakanani iibhetri?

ukurisayikilishwa kwebhetri

Uninzi lwezixhobo esizisebenzisa yonke imihla, ezinjengeeMP3 Players, iikhamera kunye nolawulo olukude, zixhomekeke kwiibhetri ukuze zisebenze. Nangona kunjalo, xa iibhetri zilahlwa ngokungalunganga, zidala isixa esikhulu songcoliseko kokusingqongileyo. Ingqumba encinane isenokubonakala ingenabungozi, kodwa impembelelo yayo eyongezelekayo iyingozi.

Ukukunika umbono ocacileyo wobungakanani bengxaki, apha sikubonisa itafile enamanqanaba ongcoliseko eentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri:

  • Ibhetri yeMercury: Iilitha ezi-600.000 zamanzi.
  • Ibhetri yealkaline: Iilitha ezi-167.000 zamanzi.
  • Isipaki seSilver oxide: Iilitha ezi-14.000 zamanzi.
  • Ibhetri eqhelekileyo: Iilitha ezi-3.000 zamanzi.

Isizathu esisemva kwesi santya siphezulu songcoliseko kukubola kancinci kwezinto ezenza iibhetri. Ukuba kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma okanye kwizitshisi, iibhetri zikhulula iintsimbi zazo ezinzima kwindawo engqongileyo kwaye, kuba kungekho ndlela zendalo zokuthoba ezi zixhobo, ungcoliseko luhlala lusebenza kwi-ecosystem kangangamakhulu okanye amawaka eminyaka.

Ukongeza, kuqikelelwa ukuba umphandle wesitaki unokuthatha ukuya kuthi ga 100 iminyaka ukubola ngokupheleleyo, ngelo xesha umxholo wayo wekhemikhali ukhutshelwa ngokuqhubekayo kokusingqongileyo.

Izisombululo zokuthintela ukungcoliseka kwebhetri

ungcoliseko olusuka kwiibhetri ezilahliweyo

Isisombululo songcoliseko lwebhetri asixhomekanga kuphela kubathengi kunye nendlela abazilahla ngayo, kodwa nakwabavelisi, ekufuneka bathathe amanyathelo anoxanduva lokusingqongileyo. Ngezantsi, sigxininisa iindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa impembelelo yeebhetri kwindalo.

  • Khuthaza ukurisayikilisha okufanelekileyo: Ungaze ulahle iibhetri kwinkunkuma eqhelekileyo. Ngalo lonke ixesha ujonge iindawo ezithile zokuqokelela iibhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo, njengoko kukho iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo ezikwaziyo ukujongana neentsimbi kunye nenkunkuma enobungozi.
  • Sebenzisa iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona: Iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona zinokutshintsha ukuya kutsho kuma-300 eebhetri ezilahlwayo. Ukongeza, baphila ubomi obude kwaye bavelisa inkunkuma encinci kwixesha elide, okubenza babe yindlela ehambelana kakhulu nendalo.
  • Thenga iimveliso ezingafuni bhetri: Ukuba kunokwenzeka, khetha izixhobo ezisebenza ngokuqhagamshelwe kumbane okanye ezisebenza ngamandla elanga.
  • Musa ukutshisa okanye ukuphosa iibhetri emanzini: Ukuphosa iibhetri emanzini yenye yezona zinto ziyingozi kakhulu, kuba iintsimbi ezinzima zinyibilika ngokukhawuleza emanzini, zingcolise imithombo yendalo kwaye zinokuthi zichaphazele ikhonkco lokutya lonke.

Elinye inyathelo elibalulekileyo liya kuba kukwazisa ngefuthe leebhetri zomgunyathi. Olu hlobo lwebhetri alunakuphela nje ubomi obufutshane, kodwa amacandelo alo awadluli ukulawulwa komgangatho owaneleyo, okwandisa ingozi yokungcola. Ukuphepha ukuthengwa kweebhetri zomgunyathi yenye yezinto ezininzi abathengi abanokuzithatha ukukhusela okusingqongileyo.

Ukulawulwa kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri kwihlabathi jikelele

ungcoliseko olusuka kwiibhetri ezilahliweyo

Oorhulumente kwimimandla eyahlukahlukeneyo yehlabathi sele beyiphumezile imithetho yokulawula ukusetyenziswa nokulahlwa kweebhetri. Umzekelo, kwiManyano yaseYurophu kukho ulwalathiso lwebhetri olufuna ukuba abavelisi baxhase ngemali iinkqubo zokurisayikilishwa nokuqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri ziphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo ekupheleni kobomi babo obuluncedo.

Kwezinye iindawo, njengaseUnited States nakwamanye amazwe akuMbindi Merika, kuye kwakhuthazwa imithetho efanayo. Ngokomzekelo, eParaguay, uMthetho No. 5.882/17 ujongana ne ulawulo olubanzi lwebhetri, ukucazulula uxanduva olususela kubavelisi ukuya koomasipala ukuqinisekisa ukulahlwa okufanelekileyo.

E-Spain, kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-37% yazo zonke iibhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo zihlaziywa. Nangona eli nani libonakala likhuthaza, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba injongo kufuneka ibe kukufikelela kwi-75%. Ukongeza, izinto ezininzi ezifunyenwe kwiibhetri zingaphinda zisetyenziswe emva kokuhlaziywa kwakhona, okunciphisa isidingo sokukhupha izixhobo zendalo ezintsha kunye nokunciphisa umthamo wamandla asetyenziswa ekwenzeni iibhetri ezintsha.

Umba obalulekileyo kukufundisa abemi ngokubaluleka kokuya kwiindawo ezithile zokuqokelela ezaziwa ngokuba amanqaku acocekileyo. Ezi zithuba ziyilelwe ngokukodwa ukugcina kunye nokusetyenzwa kwenkunkuma enobungozi, ukuthintela iibhetri ekupheliseni zingcolise indalo.

Ukurisayikilisha iibhetri akuncedi kuphela ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwentsimbi enzima kwindawo engqongileyo, kodwa kukwavumela izixhobo ezixabisekileyo ukuba zibuyiselwe. Izinyithi ezifana ne-zinc, i-nickel okanye i-lithium inokufunyanwa kwaye isetyenziswe kwakhona kwiimveliso ezintsha, ukukhuthaza uqoqosho olujikelezayo kunye noluzinzileyo.

Utshintsho olubhekiselele kulawulo olusebenzayo ngakumbi lwebhetri sele luqhuba kumazwe aliqela, kodwa kusekuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeebhiliyoni zeebhetri ezilahlwayo nyaka ngamnye.

Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo amaninzi kangangoko ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ezilahlwayo. Ngale ndlela, sinokuyinciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwaye sikhusele i-ecosystem ngendlela esebenzayo. Iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona, ukurisayikilisha okufanelekileyo, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezisebenza ngebhetri zezinye zezona zixhobo zibalulekileyo zokuphumeza ikamva elizinzileyo kuluntu lwethu.


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