Ngaphakathi kwamandla ahlaziyekayo, Amandla esola Yenye yezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zamkelwa kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngokukodwa, ukufakwa okuncinci kokuzenzela kuphahla lwezindlu kunye namashishini eSpain kukhule kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Njengoko iindleko zeepaneli zelanga ziyancipha kwaye ukukhathazeka kokusingqongileyo kwanda, abantu abaninzi bafumana ukufakwa kwe-photovoltaic enye indlela esebenzayo yokunciphisa iindleko zabo zombane kunye negalelo ekuzinzeni kokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi basazibuza zisebenza njani iipaneli zelanga.
Kule nqaku siza kungena kwiinkcukacha ezininzi malunga nokusebenza kweepaneli zelanga, izibonelelo zabo ezininzi kunye neempawu ezenza ukuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo. Ukongeza, siza kuphonononga iintlobo zeepaneli zelanga, amandla azo, kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka siziqwalasele.
Zisebenza njani iipaneli zelanga ze-photovoltaic
Amandla elanga ephotovoltaic asebenza ngokusebenzisa imitha yelanga ukuvelisa umbane. Le nkqubo isekelwe kwimpembelelo ye-photoelectric, eyenzeka xa izinto ezithile, ezifana ne-silicon, zivelisa umbane wombane xa zivela ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Amandla ephoton (amasuntswana okukhanya) akhupha ii-electron kwii-athom zazo, edala ukuhamba kombane.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba a iphaneli yelanga ye-photovoltaic Yenziwe ngoluhlu lweeseli zelanga. Ezi seli ze-photovoltaic zenziwe ngezaleko ze-silicon eziye zanyangwa kunye nezinye izinto ezifana ne-phosphorus kunye ne-boron. Ngombulelo kolu nyango, iileyile ze-silicon zingenza umehluko kwintlawulo phakathi kwecandelo elilungileyo nelibi, elivumela ukuveliswa kombane xa ukukhanya kuwela kubo.
Umbane owenziwe kwiphaneli ye-photovoltaic yi-current ngqo (DC), engeyiyo into enokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kumakhaya ethu. Ukwenza oku, idibanisa kwi-a Inverter yamandla, eguqula i-current ngqo ibe yi-alternating current (AC), eyona nto ininzi yezixhobo kunye nezixhobo zombane ezisetyenziswa ekhaya.
Ukusebenza kweepaneli zelanga kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nomlinganiselo wokukhanya kwelanga ofunyenweyo. Oko kukuthi, ngeentsuku ezinelanga, iiphaneli zivelisa umbane omninzi kuneentsuku ezinamafu. Ezinye izinto ezinje ngokuqhelaniswa nephaneli kunye ne-engile yokuthambeka nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle.
Amacandelo enkqubo ye-photovoltaic yelanga
Inkqubo yamandla elanga ye-photovoltaic ayibandakanyi kuphela iipaneli zelanga, kodwa amacandelo amaninzi abalulekileyo asebenza kunye ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kombane kwikhaya okanye kwiziko. Zezi:
- Iiphaneli zelanga: Bathatha amandla elanga baze bawaguqule abe ngumbane.
- Umtyali-mali: Iguqula umbane othe ngqo owenziwe kwiiphaneli zibe ngumbane otshintshanayo.
- Ikhawuntara yeendlela ezimbini: Ilinganisa umbane oveliswa ngokufakela kunye nokuthunyelwa kwigridi, ukuba kukho i-surpluses.
- Ibhetri (uyazikhethela): Igcina amandla agqithisileyo ukuze isetyenziswe xa kungekho langa.
Amandla epaneli yelanga kunye nokusebenza kwayo
Omnye wemibuzo eqhelekileyo ngu amandla alinganiswa njani yephaneli yelanga kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Amandla ephaneli yelanga alinganiswa nge Incopho yeewatts okanye iWp. Esi sibonakaliso sibonisa ubuninzi bombane onokuthi uvelise ipleyiti phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, kunye ne-insolation esemgangathweni kunye namaqondo okushisa.
Nangona kunjalo, umlinganiselo wombane oveliswa yipaneli yelanga ngokwenene uyahluka kakhulu imini yonke kunye nonyaka, njengoko kuxhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kwisixa selanga esikhoyo. Yiyo loo nto imilinganiselo ye-watt ephezulu isetyenziswa, kodwa akufanele kucingelwe ukuba indawo yolawulo iya kukhupha loo mali ngawo onke amaxesha.
Xa uvavanya ukufakwa kweepaneli zelanga, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwangempela. I Indawo Ngoyena thunywashe ubalulekileyo, ekubeni ingezizo zonke iindawo ezifumana ilanga elilinganayo ebudeni bonyaka. Ngaphezu koko, i ukuqhelaniswa nophahla kunye I-engile yokuthambekela Badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kweepaneli. Uphahla olujonge emazantsi kunye nokuthambekela okulungileyo kuya kwandisa ukuqokelelwa kokukhanya kwelanga.
I-inverter yamandla lelinye icandelo elikwachaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo. Ezinye ii-inverters zinetekhnoloji ephucukileyo ekhulisa ubungakanani bamandla aguqulwa ukusuka kwi-DC ukuya kwi-AC, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lofakelo.
Ukwahluka kwiindidi zeepaneli zelanga
Kwimarike yanamhlanje, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukhetha itekhnoloji yephaneli yelanga, nganye inezibonelelo zayo kunye nokungonakali. Iintlobo ezidumileyo ziyi-amorphous, i-polycrystalline kunye neepaneli ze-monocrystalline.
- Iiphaneli zelanga zeAmorphous: Ezi zinto aziqhelekanga ngenxa yokuba zinentsebenzo ephantsi. Inzuzo yabo ephambili kukuba bancinci, kodwa nge-drawback ukuba balahlekelwa ukusebenza kakuhle ngokukhawuleza kwiinyanga zokuqala zokusetyenziswa.
- Iiphaneli zepolycrystalline: Zenziwe ngeekristale ezininzi zesilicon kwaye zihlala zitshiphu ukwenza. Nangona kunjalo, banikezela ngokusebenza okuphantsi xa kuthelekiswa ne-monocrystalline. Umbala wayo oluhlaza yimpawu.
- Iiphaneli zeMonocrystalline: Ezi zezona zisebenza kakuhle kwimarike. Zenziwe ngekristale enye ye-silicon ecocekileyo, evumela ukuba ii-electron zihambe ngokukhululekileyo, zivelise umbane ongaphezulu kwimitha yesikwere. Nangona zibiza kakhulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwazo kuthethelela utyalo-mali.
Izinto eziluncedo kwiipleyiti ze-monocrystalline
Nangona iipaneli ze-polycrystalline zifikeleleka ngakumbi, i-monocrystalline Zijongwa njengeyona ndlela ilungileyo ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:
- Ukusebenza okugqwesileyo: Iiphaneli ze-Monocrystalline zinokusebenza okuphezulu, oku kuthetha ukuba ziyakwazi ukuvelisa umbane ongaphezulu kunye nendawo encinane.
- Ukusebenza ngcono phantsi kwemitha yelanga ephantsi: Ezi panels zisebenza ngcono ngeentsuku ezinamafu okanye ngokugqalwa lilanga eliphantsi.
- Ukuqina Okukhulu: IiMonocrystalline zixhathisa ukuhamba kwexesha ngcono kwaye zigcine ukusebenza kwazo iminyaka emininzi.
- Yokwenziwa: Kwinqanaba elibonakalayo, ezi ziphaneli zivame ukuba zihle kakhulu, kuba umbala wazo omnyama udibanisa kakuhle nophahla.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yelanga
Nangona iipaneli zelanga ziyisisombululo esihle kakhulu, ukusebenza kwazo kunokuchaphazeleka ngezinto ezininzi. Enye yeengxaki eziphambili kukubonakala kwezithunzi kwiipaneli. Umthunzi, nokuba uvela kwimithi esondeleyo okanye izakhiwo, uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umlinganiselo wokukhanya ofikelela kwiiseli ze-photovoltaic, ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kombane wabo.
Enye into emayiqwalaselwe yile ubumdaka kwiipaneli zelanga. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, uthuli, amaqabunga kunye nezinye i-debris ziyakwazi ukuqokelela phezu kwendawo yeepaneli, zivimbela ukukhanya kwelanga. Ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle, ukucoca rhoqo kubalulekile.
Ngapha koko, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu Zinokuchaphazela nokusebenza, kuba iipaneli zisebenza kakuhle kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi. Kwiqondo ngalinye elingaphezu kwe-25ºC, iiphaneli zelanga zinokuphulukana phakathi kwe-0,25% kunye ne-0,35% yamandla azo aqhelekileyo.
Las iibhetri Ziyenye icandelo elikhethiweyo elinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yelanga. Kwiindawo apho ukukhanya kwelanga kunqabile, okanye kwabo bafuna ukusebenzisa kangangoko amandla avela emini, iibhetri zivumela amandla agqithisileyo ukuba agcinwe ukuze asetyenziswe ebusuku okanye ngeentsuku ezinamafu.
Kwakhona, i uqhelaniso kunye notyekelo iipaneli zelanga kufuneka zibe yeyona ilungileyo. Ukujongwa ngakumzantsi kulungele ihemisphere esemantla. Ukongezelela, ukuthambekela kweepaneli kuphakathi kwe-30 kunye ne-45 degrees ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yendawo.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa kungekho langa?
Omnye weyona mibuzo ixhaphakileyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kweepaneli zelanga yinto eyenzekayo xa kungekho langa, njengeentsuku ezinamafu okanye ebusuku. Nangona iintsuku ezinamafu zisayigcina imitha yelanga, ivumela iiphaneli zelanga ukuba zivelise umbane, imveliso yazo iphantsi kakhulu kunemini enelanga.
Ebusuku, xa kungekho ilanga, iinkqubo zelanga eziboshwe ngegridi zisebenzisa umbane ovela kwigridi yoncedo ukuhlawulela ukungabikho kwamandla avela kwi-solar system. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba inkqubo ineebhetri zokugcina, ezi ziya kunika amandla agciniweyo emini.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga kunika kungekuphela nje ukonga okukhulu kwibhili yombane, kodwa kunye nenye indlela ezinzileyo enceda ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint. Njengoko iteknoloji ihambela phambili, iinkqubo zelanga ziya zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zifikeleleke, zivumela amakhaya amaninzi kunye namashishini ukuba axhamle kulo mthombo ucocekileyo, nohlaziywayo.
Ulwazi malunga nendlela iipaneli zelanga ezisebenza ngayo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuhlukeneyo obukhoyo ngundoqo ekwenzeni izigqibo ezinolwazi xa utyalo-mali kufakelo lwelanga. Ukuba ukhangele isisombululo sexesha elide elikuvumela ukuba ugcine kwaye ube negalelo kwindalo, iipaneli zelanga ze-photovoltaic ziyindlela enhle kakhulu.